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Penn Foster Biology Chapter 14-19 with Complete Solutions
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Penn Foster Biology Chapter 14-19 with Complete Solutions What is the primary function of the respiratory system? To facilitate gas exchange, providing oxygen to the bloodstream and removing carbon dioxide. What are the main components of the circulatory system? The heart, blood vesse...

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  • September 6, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Penn Foster Biology Chapter 14-19 with
Complete Solutions

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?


✔✔ To facilitate gas exchange, providing oxygen to the bloodstream and removing carbon

dioxide.




What are the main components of the circulatory system?


✔✔ The heart, blood vessels, and blood.




How do veins differ from arteries?


✔✔ Veins carry blood towards the heart and have valves to prevent backflow, while arteries

carry blood away from the heart and have thicker walls to handle higher pressure.




What is the role of the digestive system?


✔✔ To break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the

body.




What is the function of the kidneys in the excretory system?


1

,✔✔ To filter waste products and excess substances from the blood, forming urine.




What are the major parts of the brain and their functions?


✔✔ The cerebrum (thought and action), cerebellum (coordination and balance), and brainstem

(basic life functions such as heart rate and breathing).




What is homeostasis and how is it maintained?


✔✔ Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment. It is maintained through

feedback mechanisms that regulate temperature, pH, and other vital conditions.




What are the primary functions of the endocrine system?


✔✔ To regulate bodily functions through the release of hormones from glands.




How do hormones affect target cells?


✔✔ Hormones bind to specific receptors on target cells, triggering a response that alters the cell's

activity.




What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?



2

, ✔✔ Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells for growth and repair, while meiosis produces

four genetically diverse gametes for reproduction.




What are the key stages of the cell cycle?


✔✔ Interphase (G1, S, G2) and the Mitotic phase (Mitosis and Cytokinesis).




What is the function of the lymphatic system?


✔✔ To transport lymph fluid, help in immune responses, and return excess tissue fluid to the

bloodstream.




How does the immune system protect the body from pathogens?


✔✔ By identifying and attacking foreign invaders through various cells and antibodies.




What is the role of DNA in genetics?


✔✔ DNA carries the genetic blueprint for the development and functioning of all living

organisms.




What is the process of protein synthesis?



3

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