Exam (elaborations)

Chem&219 Unit 3, Organic Chemistry Module 3, Final Exam CHEM 219, CHEM 219 EXAM 1 with 100% correct answers

0 view 0 purchase

Course
Chem&219

Institution
Chem&219

Stereochemistry the study of the three-dimensional structure of molecules Stereoisomers Compounds with the same structural formula and connectivity but with a different 3D arrangement of the atoms in space. Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute ...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 36 pages

View example

Uploaded on September 13, 2024
Number of pages 36
Written in 2024/2025
Type Exam (elaborations)
Contains Questions & answers

chem219 unit 3 organic chemistry module 3 final

Institution Chem&219
Course Chem&219

BRAINBOOSTERS

Member since 11 months 259 documents sold

228

CA$19.61

Added

Add to cart

Add to wishlist

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

Chem&219 Unit 3, Organic
Chemistry Module 3, Final
Exam CHEM 219, CHEM 219
EXAM 1 with 100% correct
answers
Stereochemistry - answer the study of the three-dimensional
structure of molecules

Stereoisomers - answer Compounds with the same structural
formula and connectivity but with a different 3D arrangement of the
atoms in space.

Enantiomers - answer Stereoisomers that that are non-
superimposable mirror images. Enantiomers have the same
connectivity but different orientations (twist) of the four atoms or
groups in 3D space.

The two different forms of the chiral molecule (the "left-handed"
form or a "right-handed" forms)

How do the differences caused by steroisomers differ than the
differences caused by constitutional isomers. - answer While the
structural differences between stereoisomers are more subtle than
those between constitutional isomers, stereoisomerism is often
responsible for significant differences in the chemical and physical
properties of organic compounds, including the biochemical
behavior of many compounds such as drug molecules, amino acids,
carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Several of the human senses,
especially smell, are greatly affected by stereoisomerism in organic
compounds.

,cis-stereoisomers - answer have the substituents on the same
side/face of the ring or double bond

trans-stereoisomers - answer have the substituents on opposite
sides/faces of the ring or double bond

Chirality - answer the concept of "handedness" in an object.

Consider the difference between a pair of socks and a pair of gloves.
A sock can be worn (interchangeably) on either the left or right foot,
but the same is not true for the gloves. A left-handed glove cannot
be worn on the right hand and vice-versa. The gloves possess the
property of "handedness" (chirality)

Observation will reveal that chiral objects are typically not
symmetrical (asymmetric), while achiral objects typically exhibit
multiple planes of symmetry within the object itself.

chiral - answer a molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror
image (possesses the property of handedness)

achiral - answer A molecule that is superimposable on its mirror
image (does not possess the property of handedness)

What test can be applied to determine if an object is chiral or
achiral? - answer A simple test involves comparing the object and its
mirror image for superimposability.

Superimposability - answer The ability to align (overlap) two objects
so that every unique part of each is in direct alignment with the
same unique part on the other.

,What does it mean when a molecule is a chiral molecule? - answer
An organic compound that can exist as two different forms ("left-
handed" form or a "right-handed" form)

Is lactic acid structure chiral or achiral? - answer Attempting to
superimpose lactic acid and its mirror image reveals that the two
forms cannot be superimposed, and thus, the molecule is chiral, and
it exists as two separate forms known as enantiomers (Figure 3.4).
No matter how one of the structures is rotated, it is impossible to
get all of the atoms/groups in one to align with the same
atoms/groups in the mirror image structure.

Is the molecule 2-chloropropane chiral or achiral? - answer When
the 3D structure of this molecule is drawn, a tetrahedral geometry
is observed around the central carbon, similar to that of lactic acid.
At first glance, it may not be clear that the molecule is achiral. It is
only through the application of the superimposability test that the
molecule reveals its achiral nature.
The absence of a stereocenter is the reason why molecules like 2-
chloropropane are achiral. An analysis of the 3D structure of 2-
chloropropane reveals a tetrahedral geometry around the central
carbon but only three different types of atoms or groups attached
(there were 4 bonds to the carbon but 2 of the groups were
identical). The symmetrical nature of the 2-chloropropane molecule
comes from having two of the same group on the central carbon -
this allows the structure to be superimposed on its own mirror
image, and thus, makes the molecule achiral.

What is the most common cause of chirality in an organic molecule?
- answer The presence of a tetrahedral stereocenter.

Identifying a stereocenter in an organic molecule is a way to quickly
determine if an organic molecule may possess the property of
chirality.

, stereocenter - answer A carbon atom with tetrahedral geometry
that is bonded to four DIFFERENT atoms or groups (4 single bonds
connected to four different atoms or groups).

This type of carbon is known as a stereocenter, a stereogenic center,
or a chiral center.

A chiral molecule will almost always possess one (or more)
stereocenters. In contrast, most molecules without a stereocenter
are not chiral.

Stereocenter vs Chirality - answer The stereocenter is the cause of
the chirality, while chirality is a property of the molecule as a whole.

What are two things that rule out a carbon from being a
stereocenter? - answer - if the carbon has more than one hydrogen
on it (makes it so there can't be four different groups/atoms)
- if the carbon has a double or triple bond (makes it so there cant be
four separate bonds and therefore can't have tetrahedral geometry)

How is the presence of a stereocenter in an organic structure is
denoted? - answer With an asterisk next to the stereogenic carbon

Look at the image of 3-methylhexane and explain whether it has a
stereocenter and why? - answer Yes, it is chiral because it has a
stereocenter. The substituents attached to carbon #3 are a methyl,
an ethyl, a propyl, and a lone hydrogen (not pictured). While
methyl, ethyl, and propyl are all carbon-based and very similar, they
are not identical and that creates a stereocenter.

Look up an image of 1-bromo-2-iodopropane and explain whether it
has a stereocenter and why? - answer Yes it does have a
stereocenter. Only carbon #2 is a stereocenter because the #1
carbon that bears the bromine also bears two identical hydrogens
(and thus is not a stereocenter). The presence of the bromine on

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller BRAINBOOSTERS. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$19.61. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

74534 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling

Exam (elaborations)

Chem&219 Unit 3, Organic Chemistry Module 3, Final Exam CHEM 219, CHEM 219 EXAM 1 with 100% correct answers

Document information

Subjects

Written for

Seller

Reviews received

Content preview