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FGCU Biology 2- Final Exam - Erdman Latest 2024/2025 Updated Questions and Answers Guaranteed 100% Success.
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convergent evolution - unrelated or distantly related organisms evolve similar body forms, coloration, organs, and adaptations natural selection - the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring (acts on individuals but populations evo...

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  • September 15, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • fgcu biology 2 erdman

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FGCU Biology 2- Final Exam - Erdman
convergent evolution - unrelated or distantly related organisms evolve similar body forms,
coloration, organs, and adaptations



natural selection - the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to
survive and produce more offspring (acts on individuals but populations evolve)



Judeo- Christian perspective - The Creator: God made everything



Linnaeus - Binomial nomenclature and nested classification system



Cuvier - fossils in strata- catastrophism



Hutton and Lyell - gradualism and uniformitarianism- change via cumulative effect of slow but
continuous processes



Malthus - over production of offspring and the struggle to survive



Lamarck - first hypothesis on evolution: use and disuse, and inheritance of acquired
characteristics



Aristole - Scala Naturae- linear system



decent with modification - passing traits from parent to offspring



homology - same or similar relation

,biogeography - the branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and
animals



fossils - the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a
mold or cast in rock



population - group of the same species in given place and time that can interbreed and produce
fertile offspring, smallest unit of evolution



gene pool - consists of all alleles for all loci (specific location of gene on chromosome) in a
population



allele frequency - measure of relative frequency of an allele on a genetic locus in a population
(usually expressed as percentage)



Hardy-Weinberg Eqilibrium - 1. no mutation

2. natural selection not occurring

3. population is large

4. random mating

5. no gene flow



Hardy-Weingberg equation - p^2+2pq+q^2=1

p & q= homozygous

2pq= heterozygous



mutations - random change in nucleotide sequence of DNA that can be beneficial, neutral, or
harmful



gene flow - transfer between populations

, genetic drift - random changes in gene frequencies of small populations from generation to
generation



bottleneck effect - population undergoes drastic size reduction as a result of chance events



founder effect - a few individuals are isolated from a larger population



adaptive evolution - beneficial alleles "sorted" and favored by natural selection



stabilizing selection - favors intermediates



directional selection - favors single phenotype



disruptive selection - favors extremes



speciation - origin of new species



macroevolution - evolutionary change at or above species level over long periods of time



microevolution - change of allele frequencies in a population over time



allopatric speciation - gene flow interrupted or reduced when population divided into
geographically isolated subpopulations



sympatric speciation - occurs in geographically overlapping populations



adaptive radiation - rapid and frequent allopatric speciation following geographic and
reproductive isolation

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