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NBME CBSE REAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST (usmle step 1)MEDICAL EXAMINATION
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NBME CBSE REAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST (usmle step 1)MEDICAL EXAMINATION
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NBME CBSE1. Bulbus cordis Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
2. endocardial cush- Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV
ions and semilunar valves
neural crest
3. left horn of the si- coronary sinus
nus venosus
4. posterior, sub IVC
cardinal, and
supra cardinal
veins
5. Right common SVC
cardinal vein and
right anterior car-
dinal vein
6. Right horn of si- Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
nus venosus
7. Patent foramen failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse
ovale after birth
8. Transposition of Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of
the great vessels neural crest cells to migrate
Tetralogy of Fallot
Persistent trun-
cus arteriosus
9. ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava,
bypassing the liver
becomes ligamentum venosum
10. phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm and pericardium
11. S3 heart sound
, NBME CBSE
Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgi-
tation, HF), common in dilated ventricles
normal in kids and pregnant women
12. S4 heart sound atrial kick late diastole, right before S1
best heard at apex in LLD position
High atrial pressure.
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive
cardiomyopathy)
Always abnormal
13. atria contract a wave of JVP
14. c wave RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulging into atri-
um) wave of JVP
15. x descent JVP wave corresponding to downward displacement of
closed tricuspid valve during rapid ventricular ejection
phase
reduced or absent in tricuspid regurge
16. V wave JVP wave corresponding to inc'd RA pressure due to
filling against closed tricuspid valve
17. y descent JVP wave corresponding to RA emptying into RV
absent in cardiac tamponade
18. plusus parvus et pulses are weak with delayed peak
tardus
Aortic stenosis
19. PR interval
, NBME CBSE
0.12-0.20 seconds
120 milliseconds
20. QT interval length 9 - 11 squares = .36 to .44 seconds
21. Hypokalemia U wave present on ECG
22. Mg sulfate for torsades de pointe, hypokalemia (can lengthen
QT and cause torsades), and pre-eclampsia (prevent
seizures)
23. Romano-Ward -Congenital long QT syndrome
syndrome -Autosomal dominant, pure cardiac phenotype (no deaf-
ness).
24. Jervell and -Congenital long QT syndrome
Lange-Nielsen -Autosomal recessive, sensorineural deafness
syndrome
25. Brugada syn- -Autosomal dominant disorder affecting Na channels
drome most common in Asian males.
-ECG pattern of pseudo-right bundle branch block and
ST elevations in V1-V3 (anterior ventricular septum)
-inc risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden car-
diac deatgh
Prevent SCD with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
(ICD).
26. Wolff-Parkin- Most common type of ventriuclar pre-excitation syd-
son-White nrome. Abnormal fast accessory conduction pathway
Syndrome from atria to venricle bypasses the rate-slowing AV node
causing a delta wave and widening QRS with short-
ened PR interval. Could lead to a reentrant circuit and
suprvaventicular tachy.
27. First degree AV - PRI >5 boxes/.20 sec (200 msec)
block - Fixed but prolonged PRI
, NBME CBSE
(consistent but long)
- normally get bradycardia here
28. second degree -PR interval is constant
AV block mobitz -atrial conduction to ventricle is intermittent: dropped
type 2 QRS without increasing PR interval length
-disease below AV node in His bundle
may progress to 3rd degree/complete AV block
29. Second Degree Progressive lengthening of pr interval leading to dropped
AV Block Mobitz QRS
Type 1 (wencke-
bach)
30. third degree AV The atria and Ventricles are totally dissociated.
block -So, the QRSs and the P waves have no relation to each
other.
31. PCWP 4-12 mmHg
est of LA pressure
32. Williams Syn- a genetic condition characterized by mental retardation
drome in most regards but surprisingly good use of language
relative to their other abilities, elfin facies
Chromosome 7
assoc with supravalvular aortic stenosis
33. DiGeorge Syn- Maldevelopment of 3 and 4 pharyngeal pouches, fascial
drome dysmorphia, cardiac shunt (trunks arteriosus, tetralogy
of Fallot), lack of T-cells, undeveloped paracortex
34. Corneal arcus Lipid deposits in the cornea. Common in the elderly, but
appears earlier in life with hypercholesterolemia
35.
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