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Test Bank Solution Manual for biological measurements, fibre optics, and ultrasound Rated 100%

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Test Bank Solution Manual for biological measurements, fibre optics, and ultrasound Rated 100% What are nerve cells - Answers long fibres that can be up to a metre long but only a few micrometers in diameter what do nerve cells do - Answers conduct electrical signals around the body how do the...

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  • October 14, 2024
  • 9
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • ultrasound
  • biological measurements
  • fibre optics

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  • Fibre Optic
  • Fibre Optic

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Test Bank Solution Manual for biological measurements, fibre optics, and ultrasound Rated 100%

What are nerve cells - Answers long fibres that can be up to a metre long but only a few micrometers in
diameter

what do nerve cells do - Answers conduct electrical signals around the body

how do these nerve signals travel - Answers in the form of a changing pd which is generated by the
movement of ions across cell membranes

the imbalance of ions causes the change in pd

4 main stages of electrical signals - Answers resting cell polarised

depolarisation, initation of electrical signal

repolarisation

restoration of orginal ion concentration

resting cell and polarised

what is conc of K+ inside cell - Answers high

resting cell and polarised

conc of Na+ outside of the cell - Answers low

what does the conc gradient mean in context - Answers K+ wants to leave the cell by diffusion from a
high concentration to a low concentration

What happens when K+ leaves cell - Answers it continues to leave the cell until there is excess positive
charge outside the cell which is enough to stop them from leaving

voltage of inside cell compared to the outside - Answers -70mV

what happens at -70mV - Answers the concentration gradient and potential gradient are in equilibrium

at resting potential, cell is polarised

what happens when the electrical signal is initiated - Answers initiation of nerve impulse

the voltage gated channel increases permeability to Na+ for 1ms so Na+ moves into cell and cell
becomes positively charged

pd across cell increases to +35mV and Na+ channels close

cell is depolarised

, what happens when cell is repolarised - Answers at 35mV the K+ channels reopen

K+ leaves the cell

causes restoring potential of -70mV to be restored 'repolarisation'

in terms of original ion concentrations, what happens at repolarisation - Answers original ion
concentrations restored via sodium potassium pump

resting potential of -70mV restored

action potentials of nerve cell - Answers - pattern of changing potential

- at one nerve changing potential activates a new action potential in an adjacent site

propagation speed of action potential - Answers 100 m/s

what happens to propagation speed at muscles like the heart - Answers they travel much slower (4m/s)
which causes the muscles to contract

speed of action potentials in heart - Answers much slower and last a lot longer

do action potentials in the heart need external impulses - Answers no

what ion travelling across cell membrane - Answers Ca2+

depolarisation in heart - Answers lasts longer

0.25s in heart

5ms in skeletal muscle

what does the longer potential cycle allow the heart to do - Answers relax completely before the next
contraction

why is the left ventricle thicker - Answers needs a greater force to pump blood around the body

What does the sinoatrial node do? - Answers generates electrical signal that causes the atria to contract
that goes to the bundle of his, the perkinje fibres and then through the ventricle

what are ECGs used for - Answers monitoring the electrical activity of the heart

how do ECGs work - Answers electrical signals transfer from heart to surroundings and fluids that are
detected by silver electrodes that are coated with silver chloride that are taped to skin

how can we improve conduction of ECG - Answers removing dead skin cells and applying a conducting
gel

why are silver electrodes used - Answers they dont react to chemicals on the skin

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