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Nur 350 Ch 10: drug therapy in pediatric patients Marshall University All Possible Questions and Answers CA$12.17   Add to cart
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Nur 350 Ch 10: drug therapy in pediatric patients Marshall University All Possible Questions and Answers

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Pediatric patients respond differently to drugs than the rest of the population - ️️- More sensitive to drugs than other patients are -Show greater individual variation -Sensitivity due mainly to organ system immaturity -Increased risk for adverse drug reactions oral administration - ️�...

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  • October 28, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • nur 350 ch 10 drug therapy in pediatric patients

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Nur 350 Ch 10: drug therapy in pediatric
patients Marshall University
Pediatric patients respond differently to drugs than the rest of the population - ✔️✔️-
More sensitive to drugs than other patients are
-Show greater individual variation
-Sensitivity due mainly to organ system immaturity
-Increased risk for adverse drug reactions


oral administration - ✔️✔️Gastric emptying time can be prolonged and irregular,
doesn't reach adult function until 6 to 8 months
Gastric acidity is very low 24 hrs after birth; doesn't reach adult values for 2 yrs; low
acidity increases absorption of acid-labile drugs

full-term infants - ✔️✔️36-40 wks

neonates - ✔️✔️first 4 weeks postnatal

infants - ✔️✔️week 5 - 52 postnatal

children - ✔️✔️1-12 years

adolescents - ✔️✔️12-16 years

pediatric patients - ✔️✔️All patients younger than 16 years old


_______________ of drugs used in pediatrics have never been tested in pediatric
patients - ✔️✔️2/3

Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (2002)
Pediatric Research Equity Act of 2003 - ✔️✔️These laws were permanently
reauthorized as part of the FDA Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA) of 2012

______ of drugs were ineffective for children even though they were effective for adults
- ✔️✔️20%

_____ of drugs caused unanticipated side effects, some of which were potentially lethal
- ✔️✔️30 %

, __% of drugs required dosages different from those that had been extrapolated from
dosages used in adults - ✔️✔️20

Pharmacokinetics: Neonates and infants - ✔️✔️difficult when Determining the
concentration of a drug at its sites of action

Determining the intensity of the duration of response - ✔️✔️Elevated drug levels =
more intense response

Delayed elimination = prolonged response

Immaturity of organs puts patient at risk for both of these responses

plasma drug levels following iv injection in the infant will - ✔️✔️remain higher for a
longer period of time

plasma drug levels following a subQ injection in the infant will - ✔️✔️remain higher with
a greater duration of action

Drug Therapy in
Neonates and Infants - ✔️✔️Increased sensitivity in infants:
Immature state of five pharmacokinetic processes:
-Absorption
-Protein binding of drugs
-Blood-brain barrier
-Hepatic metabolism
-Renal drug excretion

Absorption - ✔️✔️-Oral administration
-Intramuscular administration
-Percutaneous absorption

Distribution - ✔️✔️-Protein binding
-Blood-brain barrier


Intramuscular administration - ✔️✔️-Slow
-Erratic
-Delayed absorption as a result of low blood flow during the first few days of life
-During early infancy, absorption of intramuscular drugs more rapid than in neonates
and adults

Transdermal absorption - ✔️✔️-More rapid and complete for infants than for older
children and adults
-Stratum corneum of infant's skin is very thin

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