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Health and Safety Final Exam Questions and Answers
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Health and Safety Final Exam Questionsand Answers
Injuries that worker health and safety reps and JHSC worker members can investigate,
and what they can inspect - Answer-- When someone is killed or critically injured
- Can inspect the place where the accident occurred and any machine, device or thing
Critical Injury - Answer-Injury of a serious nature that:
-Places life in jeopardy
-Produces unconsciousness
-Results in substantial loss of blood
-Involves the fracture of a leg or arm but not a finger or toe
-Involves the amputation of a leg, arm, hand, or foot but not a finger or toe
-Consists of burns to a major portion of the body; or
-Causes the loss of sight in an eye
Notification that constructors and employers must perform when a worker is killed or
critically injured - Answer-- NOTIFY an inspector, and the committee, health and safety
representative and trade union, if any, IMMEDIATELY of the occurrence by telephone
or other direct means
- The employer shall, within FORTY-EIGHT HOURS after the occurrence, send to a
Director a WRITTEN REPORT of the circumstances of the occurrence containing such
information and particulars as the regulations prescribe
Other incidents or illnesses that must be reported - Answer-- If a person is DISABLED
from performing his or her usual work or REQUIRED MEDICAL ATTENTION because
of an accident, explosion, fire or incident of workplace violence at a workplace, but NO
person dies or is critically injured because of that occurrence, the employer shall, within
FOUR days of the occurrence, give WRITTEN NOTICE of the occurrence containing
the prescribed information and particulars to the following:
1- The committee, the health and safety representative and the trade union, if any
2- The Director, if an inspector requires notification of the Director
Requirements of Incident Report (Industrial Establishments) - Answer-1- Name and
address of the constructor and the employer;
2- Nature and the circumstances of the occurrence and of the bodily injury sustained;
3- Description of the machinery or equipment involved;
4- Time and place of the occurrence;
5- Name and address of the person who was killed or critically injured;
6- Names and addresses of all witnesses to the occurrence; AND
7- Name and address of the physician or surgeon, if any, by whom the person was or is
being attended for the injury
,Are worker health and safety representatives and JHSC worker members entitled under
the OHS Act to investigate incidents that do not result in deaths or critical injuries? -
Answer-- NOTHING in the Act spells out what they can do to investigate incidents that
don't result in deaths or critical injuries
- Would want to investigate: harassment, violence, any situation that could escalate, an
incident (near miss), disabling injuries, etc.
What kind of situations other than deaths and critical injuries should be investigated?
How can representatives and JHSC members secure these rights? - Answer-- Would
want to investigate: harassment, violence, any situation that could escalate, an incident
(near miss), disabling injuries, etc.
- Make a written recommendation so it doesn't happen again
- Negotiate as part of a collective agreement
Critical Factors in the Investigative Process - Answer-Incident investigations are
influenced by:
1- Timing: A critical factor in incident investigations. Time affects several types of
information
2- Severity: Given that investigations are time-consuming, companies tend to examine
only those incidents that have the most serious consequences
3- Legal requirements: Certain types of events—those in which an injury requires
medical aid or results in lost time, for instance—must be reported to a Workers'
Compensation Board, normally within three days
Investigation Methods - Answer-1- Observations or Walkthroughs
- Walkthrough refers to inspection of incident scene to get a picture of the total
environment
2- Interviews: Basic Rules
- First thing to say "not doing this to cause any blame, doing this to prevent things from
happening again"
- Interview witnesses on the spot as soon as possible after the event
- Interview witnesses separately and in a neutral location
- Put the witness at ease
- Let the individual recall the event in his or her own way
- Ask necessary questions at appropriate times, without interrupting the speaker's train
of thought
- Give the witness feedback. "Based on what you said, this is my understanding of what
you saw. If there is something I missed or haven't got right, please add to or clarify it."
- Make sure that critical information—either from the witnesses or from your own
observations—is recorded in a timely fashion
- End the interview on a positive note by thanking the witness for his or her valuable
time and assistance
3- Re-enactments
- Simulation designed to recreate circumstances leading up to incident
, Guidelines for conducting a re-enactment:
1- A qualified observer is necessary
2- Do not show—tell
3- Shut down every energy source and lock them out
4- Carefully act out the events
Walkthrough, interview, and re-enactment can be supplemented by:
- Photographs, drawings, computers, tape measures, clipboards, water-resistant pens,
flashlights, record check
Domino Theory - Answer-- Theory that every incident results from a series of events
developed by H.W. Heinrich
- All align up properly, all the dominos go down → accident → injury
- If you remove one of the dominos, it wouldn't have had the same result (all the
dominos would not have fallen down)
1- Background: A lack of control over the management function (planning, organizing,
leading, controlling)
2- Personal defects: Personal factors such as physical or mental problems, and job
factors such as normal wear and tear of equipment
3- Unsafe acts and conditions: (described earlier)
4- Incident: A series of undesired events with release of energies that can cause harm
5- Injury: The most undesired result (e.g., trauma or property damage)
The Swiss Cheese Model - Answer-- Updated version of domino model presented
by J. Reason
- Series of dominoes with holes in them
- Focuses on series of events that must occur for an incident to occur
- Unsafe acts cannot be viewed in isolation; they are a product of: Organizational
culture, Level of supervision, Variety of other contextual factors
- Emphasizes that unsafe acts cannot be viewed in isolation; they are a product of the
organizational culture, the level of supervision, and a variety of other contextual factors
- Follows that incident analysis focuses on identifying these factors to "plug the holes" in
the Swiss cheese
- All the holes in the cheese will lead to an injury or illness
- If you take the slices of cheese and move them, so the holes are not lined up, you
won't have an accident or injury
Organization Emergency Response - Answer-1- First: Local emergency organizations
(e.g., municipal emergency services, emergency measures organizations) respond
2- Second: Each province and territory has an emergency measures organization
(EMO) that is tasked with managing large-scale emergencies
3- Lastly: The federal government and its agencies may become involved in emergency
response efforts, depending on the nature of the disaster
- Organizations must consider possibility of a disaster
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