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PSB 2000 Lecture 11-12 questions with verified solutions already passed
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PSB 2000 Lecture 11-12 questions withverified solutions already passed
Describe the neural pathway for non-painful stimuli - correct answer ✔✔1. Touch receptors detect
stimulation and send action potentials to dorsal spinal cord
2. Action potentials enter spinal cord via dorsal root and join dorsal column of white matter to ascend to
brain
3. Axon makes first synapse in medulla; innervates a medullary neuron that sends axon across midline to
terminate in thalamus
4. Left thalamus receives info about right side of body; in turn sends the info to somatosensory cortex on
same side
Describe the neural pathway for painful stimuli - correct answer ✔✔1. Pain info carried by rapidly
conducting myelinated A delta fibers and slowly conducting unmyelinated C fibers
2. Axons of dorsal horn neurons cross midline and send spinal cord into anterolateral quadrant
3. Pain info provided to various brainstem sites that control pain-related behavior (like vocalization)
4. Pain info distributed to many thalamic and cortical areas
5. Cingulate cortex is especially activated by pain info
The human auditory system detects sounds by two measures: - correct answer ✔✔amplitude and
frequency
Define amplitude
(including how it's measured) - correct answer ✔✔also called the intensity; the perceived loudness,
measured decibels (dB)
Define frequency (including how it's measured) - correct answer ✔✔the perceived pitch, measured in
hertz (Hz)
a physical property of a sound
, What does sound from a musical instrument contain? - correct answer ✔✔a fundamental: the basic
frequency
harmonics: multiples of that frequency
Define timbre - correct answer ✔✔characteristic sound quality of an instrument, determined by the
intensities of its harmonics
What is sound? - correct answer ✔✔a mechanical force that is transduced into neural activity
What does the shape of the outer ear do? - correct answer ✔✔it modifies the character of sound
frequencies that reach the middle ear
Parts of the outer ear: - correct answer ✔✔pinna and ear canal
What is the function of the middle ear? - correct answer ✔✔it concentrates sound energies
Name the three ossicles that connect
the tympanic membrane
(eardrum) to the oval window: - correct answer ✔✔malleus, incus, and stapes
What do the three ossicles of the middle ear do? - correct answer ✔✔they transmit sounds from the air
to the cochlea
Two muscles in the middle ear act to control volume: - correct answer ✔✔tensor tympani and stapedius
What are the tensor tympani and the stapedius? - correct answer ✔✔they are two muscles in the
middle ear that act to control volume; when activated, the muscles stiffen and reduce sound's effect
What is the cochlea? - correct answer ✔✔it is a spiral-shaped part of the inner ear that converts
vibrations into neural activity
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