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Summary A-level Edexcel Politics, Unit 3, Chapter 20 - US Supreme Court & Civil rights (5,000 words) £2.99   Add to cart

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Summary A-level Edexcel Politics, Unit 3, Chapter 20 - US Supreme Court & Civil rights (5,000 words)

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A comprehensive document written by an A* predicted student covering A-level government and politics Unit 3 - US government and Politics. Clear font, table of contents, infographics and examples used throughout. Information accumulated over 8 months of study from several sources and updated e...

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  • Chapter 20
  • May 10, 2021
  • 31
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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felicitycotton
US politics

Chapter 20 – US Supreme Court and

civil rights definitions

 Chief justice – the presiding member of the

supreme court but who holds no additional voting

power to the eight other members of the supreme

court

 Associate justice – a member of the supreme court

who is not the chief justice

 Appellate court – a court of appeals, accepting

cases for review from the courts beneath it

 Original jurisdiction – the right of the supreme

court to be the first court to hear a case in certain

circumstances, rather than a case needing to be an

appeal

 Judicial review – the power of the supreme court to

judge actions of the presidential branch or acts of

congress against the constitution. The supreme

court declare these acts or actions

, ‘unconstitutional’ and therefore make them ‘null’

or ‘void’

 Swing justice – a justice is the ideological middle of

the nine justices on the US supreme court

 Public policy – policy and law created by the

branches of government that have an effect on the

US population

 Constitutional rights – the rights that are explicitly

identified within the constitution and its

amendments

 Stare decisis – a judicial principle meaning ‘let the

decision stand’ meaning that the justices should

when available adhere to previous court ruling

when making decisions

 Imperial judiciary – a judiciary is overly powerful

die to a lack of effective checks and balances

placed on its power

 Amicus curiae – ‘friends of the court’ – a brief

submitted by a party with a vested interest in the

case to try to advance their view on the case

decisions

,  Affirmative action – a policy which allowed minority

groups to be internationally advantaged in order to

being to correct historic disadvantages

 Racial equality – the idea that all races should be

treated equally and be given the same legal, moral

and political opportunities




Chapter 20 – Supreme court & civil rights

Role of supreme court in political
system
 Interpret US constitution
o Has original jurisdiction over public officials or
where states are a party
o Mainly receives appellate jurisdiction
o Strict constructionists – literal constitution
interpretation, usually more conservatives
o Loose constructionists – reading between the
lines, usually more liberal
 Judicial review – established through Marbury V.
Madison, judiciary can hold other branches of
government to its own interpretation of the

, constitution. Not explicitly granted by the
constitution but ensures branches of government
follow the constitution.
 Interpret laws to ensure they’re constitutional
 Ensure laws are faithfully applied
 To rule on cases involving the constitution, federal
laws, treaties & disputes between states
 Judicial activism – differences in interpretation of
the same part of the constitution over a period of
time and can sometimes be the equivalent of
legislation
o Plessy V. Ferguson
o Brown V. Board of Education
 Judicial restraint – court follows precedent and
shows judicial restraint, can be challenged and
changed but generally over a long period of time &
several cases.
o If the judiciary used the power of review
excessively or controversially, it may come
under attack from the other two branches
 Quasi-legislative body – the supreme court can
overturn politically important decisions made by
lower courts
o Roe V. Wade – as the court decided women
had a right to an abortion, the effect was

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