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Unit 7 - Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care (P3, P4 & D2) £8.49
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Unit 7 - Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care (P3, P4 & D2)

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This is Learning Aim B of Unit 7 which I received a Distinction. It includes: P3 - Describe the types and signs of abuse and neglect that may be experienced by different individuals. P4 - Explain the factors that may contribute to and reduce the likelihood of abuse and neglect for service users...

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  • December 4, 2021
  • 10
  • 2020/2021
  • Essay
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Nadia Muhammad P3, P4, D2


P3 - Describe the types and signs of abuse and neglect that could be
experienced by service users generally.

There are 5 main types of abuse which individuals may experience throughout their
lifetime. These are neglect, physical, psychological/ emotional, sexual, financial and
domestic. Each form of abuse has a variety of different actions and indicators which can
be shown.

Abuse is “an action that intentionally harms or injures another person”. This means that
abuse is where somebody purposely tries to cause a type of pain or distress towards
someone. This may not be physical, but the abuse would have an impact on the
individual's mental health. Abuse is where there is a violation of the individuals ‘human
and civil rights.

Neglect is an act of omission, such as leaving things out of reach, it disregards an
individual, medical needs, physical care needs, emotional needs, just as physical care
is being neglected as she is left alone with her husband who is suspected of abusing
her. Indicators of neglect can be unkept appearances, bed sores and scabs,
unexplainable weight loss and ulcers. Acts of omission also needs to be addressed. On
the other hand, abuse is an action which is carried out with the intent to cause harm or
distress such as doing things deliberately. Neglect doesn't always have to be done by
another person, an individual suffering with mental illnesses are sometimes neglectful
towards themselves physically such as poor cleanliness, but this can also be done by a
caregiver if they fail to allow time for personal hygiene. Neglect can be visibly seen in
the sense that clothes are left dirty and again visible poor personal hygiene as well as
seen through behaviour like a person being left alone when struggling to sit up properly.
By knowing the signs there are a few ways to identify neglect such as changes in
physical appearance i.e. untidy appearance, weight loss, bedsores etc.

Physical abuse is ‘non-accidental use of force that results in bodily injury, pain, or
impairment’. This means that physical abuse is where an individual purposely cause
pain and injuries towards somebody else. Physical abuse is not limited to certain
people, it can happen to anybody. It can also happen at any time. Physical abuse can
be things such as aggressive acts like punching, hitting, pushing, slapping, pinching to
name a few, many people in this position feel as though they cannot complain or that
‘they deserved it’ or ‘It was only a joke’, this may be why Lizzy turned her head away
when questioned about her hand but as Amina was made aware that something
seemed of she has a duty of care to report it to the police as suspected abuse. Some
signs of physical abuse would be bruises that cannot be explained easily such as
Lizzy's swollen hand or bruises in the shape of finger marks. Other signs may be burn


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, Nadia Muhammad P3, P4, D2

marks, broken bones, malnutrition, grabbing an arm unbreakably and pulling in a
direction to gripping hair tightly and pulling it allowing for clumps of hair to be removed
painfully.

Psychological abuse is when a person is treated in such a way that it causes
psychological trauma, this is done in ways such as gaslighting, verbal abuse like calling
someone explicit names, humiliation and threats of being punished. This means that
psychological abuse is a form of abuse that aims to cause pain mentally. It is an act that
includes ways of making them individual feel scared and not good enough. This type of
abuse can happen to anybody at any age and can affect them for the rest of their lives.
Psychological abuse generally goes on much longer than physical as it is harder to
identify, signs that this abuse is present can be in the form of the individual becoming
anxious or depressed, they may begin self-harming or putting themselves in high-risk
situations. Emotional abuse can sometimes be linked in with psychological abuse, some
examples would be when the abuser says things that they know will hurt their victim so
they know they have control of the situation, they may also threaten them with
punishments, the abuser will also generally act inconsistently, i.e. ‘hot or cold’ being
affectionate one minute and then not the next, leaving the victim in a constant state of
chasing their abuser for the affection again.

Sexual abuse is when an individual/victim is subjected to taking part in sexualized
behaviour that they do not wish to be a part of this can be in either a physical state or
verbally such as sexual jokes or comments. This could be anything from holding hands
to full rape. Physical behaviour would be the likes of unwanted sexual advances or
assault. Some other forms of sexual abuse can be done through the likes of
photographs or art which are sexual. Sexual harassment can be very quick to be played
off as joke however can escalate into much more just as quickly. Sexual abuse can
happen to anybody at any age and can cause pain and humiliation. Sexual abuse is any
unwanted sexual behaviours that it makes an individual feel uncomfortable, scared or
threatened. Sexual abuse is a way from somebody to take control over somebody else
and to show power. A form of sexual abuse is any sexual activity when the person lacks
the capacity to consent to it. For example, if someone is asleep or has passed out while
intoxicated. Sexual harassment such as: inappropriate looking, sexual teasing or
innuendo is also classed as sexual abuse. Another type of sexual abuse is when
someone makes somebody else participate is sexual pornography. This could be having
sexual photographs taken or forcing them to use pornography. It also includes making
the individual witness sexual acts. The signs for sexual abuse are physical but can also
be mental or emotional. Depending on which an act of sexual abuse was performed,
depends on what type of sign there is.



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