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Unit 6 A1 Learning aim A: Undertake a literature search and review to produce an investigative project proposal - Chromatography
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Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL1
1
, Proposed title of the project
Are expensive felt tip pens different from the cheaper brands?
Your name
Your supervisor’s name
Programme
Applied Science
Department
Science
Institution
Date
16/11/21
Table of Contents
Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................3
Problem Statement..............................................................................................................................................3
Research Questions..............................................................................................................................................3
Literature review......................................................................................................................................................5
Key Concepts, Theories and Studies.....................................................................................................................5
Research design and method.................................................................................................................................10
Practical Considerations & limitations...............................................................................................................12
,RESEARCH PROPOSAL 3
Introduction
My research is based on why do expensive black felt tip pens show more colours than the inexpensive
black felt tip pens. What is chromatography? Chromatography is an analytical & purification tool in
separating the components of the mixture. The different components of the mixture will move through
the stationary phase at the different speeds, which can cause them to separate from one another & this
can show the miscellaneous spots that are absorbent. There are paper chromatography which can be
used to separate the particles of such the basis of their polarity to move towards the mobile phase &
the stationary phase. The stationary phase has the cellulose filter paper & the mobile phase is liquid its
good for this experiment is that I’m trying to investigate why the stationary companies make any
difference in the way they produce felt tip pens? Whenever I buy felt tip pens from cheap brands like
pound land the quality isn’t that great & long lasting. But with more expensive companies like
WHSmith they produce more luxurious & better-quality brands, which work properly. When it comes
to the degree, I want to study in the future is pharmacy, so for the patients & the pharmacists to
understand what the doctors handwriting is saying, so it’s essential to use a non-smudge pen that will
not fade when there is water & doing this can avoid confusion & having to call the GP to ask what
exactly they’ve have said.
Problem Statement
Firstly, why can’t cheaper papers work as better as the expensive papers? Is it due to marketing & the
pharmaceutical sales that do this to gain benefit from schools and colleges? Why do black felt tip pens
have to always be used to determine the different types of ink? Why can’t large quantity be applied on
the paper chromatography? I think the problem with the paper chromatography of the sample that it
cannot be effective for qualitative (since we count the colours that have been produced the
quantitative data). Sometimes the complex mixture cannot be separated by paper chromatography &
isn’t as accurate as HPLC (this is high performance liquid chromatography – this is much better to use
than paper chromatography, since it can separate the different compounds to be dissolved in the liquid
sample and then allows both qualitative and quantitative analysis what components there and how
much each compound is contained in the sample. When it comes to paper chromatography its low-
pressure sampling & the fact that it has a slower process than HPLC which is high pressure sampling
& faster, however it is very expensive to get the HPLC. But when it comes to the overall question
why do better produced pens show better colours than cheap felt tip pens? I think there are problems
that haven’t been mentioned, so when it comes to the chromatography analysis its sometimes quite
hard to get an accurate reading this is particularly due to equipment’s which sometimes makes it hard
to read & the factors that impact it like the column &, mobile phases. There are some experiments
that are like this, so I want to test further to see the validity and the reliability.
Research Questions
Hypothesis: Why do expensive felt tip pens show more colours than inexpensive black felt tips pens
which show less colours?
, Aims: I aim to differentiate the colours between the cheaper brands and the expensive brands of felt
tip pens
I aim to measure the Rf values of the expensive brand felt tip pen & the cheap felt tip pens using
equipment’s like a ruler & pen to mark the spots that were produced.
I aim to make a comparison with my fellow colleague to see whether the pens she used showed a
better result compared to mine.
Independent: the different types of pen inks.
Dependent: the colours produced & the Rf values
Control: The solvent to see exactly how each felt tip pen reacts differently from one another, the
volume of the solvent this is to avoid having uncertainty, same number of dots, timings (timing how
long each colour goes up till end of the 1-hour session), & temperature.
Rationale
The reason why I’ve chosen this project is due to understanding the ways chromatography is used
within the pharmacy industry, since my interest in studying pharmacy at university. Chromatography
is utilised in many ways like preparing the large quantities if pure materials to analyse the purified
compounds for the trace contaminants example method development & the validation of drugs, drug
discovery & the drug development, the drug impurities analysis. For instance, like liquid
chromatography is useful in that for the analytical tool in making sure that the components of the
drugs formulation are established & discovering if there are any impurities & quantifying the drug
formulation. It can be a very vital skill to be expert in chromatography to knowing the things we have
that pharmaceutical companies do mention that the drugs are safely disturbed. That’s why I think by
doing the ink test for both expensive and non-expensive and see the differences there are & the ones
that should be recommended to be bought. Also, there are some forensic scientists that use these
techniques to solve crime by matching the letters or evidence from a stain from the crime scene to see
what pen belongs to the suspect.
Moreover, this can also help in analysing the unknown ink & comparing it to writing utensils that are
taken from the suspects. Since our brains presume that the felt-tip pens have one colour its fascinating
to see the unique colours that each felt-tip pen produces & how its helped to make other products that
we tend to use in our lives & to see if a brand is either expensive or inexpensive. Also, the black felt-
tip pens brands, they use different combinations of pigments in the blank felt-tip pens. Are these
colours easy like to make & where do they come from. This has fascinated me, so if I was given an
expensive pen, I would like to see the different colours produced to inexpensive black felt-tip pens
that I have to realise which pen would last longer & produce better looking quality of my work. The
chromatography procedures done can be very applicable in many science experiments which could be
done in many units that I had done last year like unit 2, by doing this can help me gave. A greater
depth of understanding of knowing about that chromatography is applicable in some many amazing
science projects. On the internet there aren’t enough resources that have done this type of experiment,
so it would be great to do something different than using fountain pens & the type of solvent that will
be used for this experiment. The fact that doing this chromatography its helpful in doing precise
separation which is brilliant for longer pharmaceutical industries to see what things they look for
when extracting drugs. The fact that it uses very low samples is essential for saving money & I want
to discover if the solvents I use can help show the massive differentiation there are with the expensive
and inexpensive pens within terms of the colours that had been used. The fact that chromatography is
applicable for numerous applications in chemical fields, which is biochemistry can be used for
separating of chemical compounds of biological origin. If I had the opportunity I would investigate
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