Parents and siblings
Impact on parents
ABCx model of family adaption
Factors affecting parent stress and family adaption
Sibling roles
Involving siblings in interventions
Parenting stress
Hayes and Watson (2013) – meta analysis of parenting stress and experience
- Two authors involved in search
- 15 studies met inclusion criteria
o Compare parenting stress in parents of autistic children to comparison
o Validated measured or parenting stress
o Parents defined as primary care giver
- Results
o Found true difference between experience of children with autism and those with
typically developing children on stress
▪ Same for difference with children with other disabilities
- Can use this analysis to extract studies
Karst and Van Hecke (2012) – impact on parent and family
Asbury et al. (2020) – impact of COVID-19 (not specific to autism)
- 241 parents or carers of school aged kids with SENDs in the UK
- 92% mothers and majority from England
- Recruited during first fortnight of school closures
- Asked to describe in their own words how the outbreak is affecting own and childs mental
health
- Children reported to have increased anxiety and stress
- 6 categories of mental health impact
o Worry – self, others and general
o Loss – routine, loss of support network and structures, loss of specialist input and for
minority financial loss
o Mood – low mood, acting out and behaviour change
o Emotions and behaviour
o Knowing what is going on – low understanding leading to stress
o Over whelmed
, o Minimal or positive impact
Other literature
De Clercq, L. E., Prinzie, P., Swerts, C., Ortibus, E., & De Pauw, S. S. (2021). “Tell Me About Your
Child, The Relationship with Your Child and Your Parental Experiences”: A Qualitative Study of
Spontaneous Speech Samples Among Parents Raising a Child with and without Autism Spectrum
Disorder, Cerebral Palsy or Down Syndrome. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 1-
35.
ABCx model of family stress
McCubbin and Patterson (1981)
Stressors – child symptom severity (Pastor-Cerezuela et al., 2016; Lyons et al., 2010; ), behaviour
problems (McStay et al., 2014), sensory processing, age (Rivard et al., 2014) and adaptive functioning
Family resources – social support (Boyd, 2002; Ault et al., 2021), marital quality (Harper et al., 2013;
Brown et al., 2020), economic stressors,
Literature
McStay et al. (2014)
- Investigate impact of stressors, resources, appraisals and coping strategies on parent stress
- Predicted – higher child problem behaviour, poor child adaptive functioning, lower level of
family sense of coherence and coping would predict higher stress in mothers
