This is a fantastic Resource Questioning the extent to which the Presidents of the US from were more of a hinderance or an assistance to African American Civil rights.
The essay is of A* quality and is structured thematically in social, economic and political paragraphs and was extremely helpf...
How Far did US Presidents hinder rather than help the development of African Americans
civil rights
Social yes
Presidents can be seen to have helped or hindered the development of African American
Civil rights, through 2 means, their appointments to the Supreme Court, and their policies
including Acts of congress which they support as well as their executive orders.
Appointment to courts
o Roosevelt, Truman and Eisenhower in regards to the prospective social success had
proved helpful via the former, since they had appointed many liberal leaning SC
justices in favour of civil rights, meaning that rulings were consistently more
favourable to AAs during the 1950s and 60s most namely the rulings on segregation
such as Brown Vs Board of education or Browder Vs Gayle.
Executive orders
o Roosevelt and Truman had also demonstrated their assistance In improving AA civil
rights socially through signing executive orders against discrimination and
segregation. Roosevelts order 8802 had outlawed racial discrimination in the War
industry and then in 1948 Truman had signed the executive order 9981 that ended
segregation in the armed forces.
o As a result of FDRs, order there was a 25% increase in those working in the Iron and
Steel industry
o The number of employed in government services increased from 50,000 to 200,000
o Truman established civil rights committee in 1946 that recommended that
segregation should be ended and lynching be made a federal offence – he called for
the implementation in his state of the union speech - however congress refused.
evidence of Truman attempting to help putting the notion of ending segregation on
the agenda, although his success was limited due to a hostile congress. Perhaps for
this reason that he had signed the executive agreement to end segregation in armed
forces.
Key pieces of legislation signed during Presidents tenure
o Johnson Civil Rights Act 1964 that ended all segregation and discrimination on the
basis of colour and gender.
o It was key to ending discrimination and forms of segregation that was still occurring
despite SC rulings on segregation through Brown Vs Board of education and Browder
Vs Gayle.
o Nixon assisted integration through bussing 1968
o As a result on the emphasis on bussing by 1974, only 8% of AA went to a segregated
school whereas in 1968 this 68%.
Socially no
No president ever put forward an anti-lynching bill
o This allowed violence to continue throughout the period.
o Lynching’s in late 19th century 2500, 1881-1899
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