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OCR A Level Geography Earth's Life Support Systems Summary - 2b (It is possible to identify the physical and human factors that affect the water cycle in an Arctic tundra area) £2.99
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OCR A Level Geography Earth's Life Support Systems Summary - 2b (It is possible to identify the physical and human factors that affect the water cycle in an Arctic tundra area)

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Clear concise summary of Chapter 4 (ELSS) of Michael Raw's OCR A Level Geography textbook which is linked to these documents

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  • Chapter 4, 2b (it is possible to identify the physical and human factors that affect the water cycle
  • September 13, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
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1.2. How do the water and carbon cycles operate in contrasting
Water cycle in theloca
tundra
 The
 2b. It is possible to identify the physical and human factors that affect main
the features in
water
350mm) with most pre
cycle in an Arctic tundra area
 Small stores of moist
Introduction: reduce absolute humid
 There is also limited
Tundra = fast, flat treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia & North America in who the subsoil is permanently vegetation cover & sho
frozen  There are low rates o
Permafrost = ground, including rock or soil at or below the freezing point of water 0°C for 2 or more years. summer is expended m
Most permafrost is located in high latitudes (in & around the Arctic & the Antarctic regions)
& inhibit convection
Active layer = top layer of soil that thaws during the summer & freezes again during autumn
 Surface & soil water ar
Tree line = latitude limit of tree growth
 There are also limited
 The arctic tundra occupies 8 mill km^2 in Northern Canada, Alaska, Greenland & Siberia - high latitudes  Permafrost underlies m
 Climatic conditions in the tundra are severe & become more extreme with latitude the region's water cyc
 For 8 - 9 months a yr, the tundra has a negative heat balance with average monthly temps < freezing - & groundwater flow
more heat energy is radiated than absorbed = ground is permanently frozen with only the top metre or  Accumulation of snow
so thawing during the arctic summer  Melting of snow, river
 In the winter for several wells, the sun remains below the horizon, temps can plunge < - 40°C permafrost in spring &
 Long hours of daylight in summer attempt to compensate for this  Extensive wetlands, po
 This temporary store
implodes drainage
Physical factors affecting stores & flows of water: Rock permeability & porosity
Temperature Disturbs the water cycle:
 Crystalline rocks disturb percolation – Relief
Disturbs the water cycle:
these rocks dominate the geology of the Disturbs the water cycle:
 Low temps (-37 degrees Celsius) = less
tundra  Due to gentle relief
evapotranspiration (not enough heat to break
 Impermeable rocks such as granite don’t months ground becom
molecular bonds of water) - cooler air can hold little
store water, HOWEVER porous rocks such with water - wa

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