Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts Of
Altered States 4th Edition By Porth-Test B
Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered
States 4th Edition By Porth-Test Bank
SAMPLE TEST
Chapter 3- Inflammation, the Inflammatory Response, and Fever
1. A client with poor arterial circulation in...
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Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered
States 4th Edition By Porth-Test Bank
SAMPLE TEST
Chapter 3- Inflammation, the Inflammatory Response, and Fever
1. A client with poor arterial circulation in the lower limbs has developed areas of inflammation and
serous exudate. Since chronic inflammation lasts for a long time, it has been associated with whic
changes in physiological response? Select all that apply.
A) Formation and development of new blood vessels
B) The death of one or more cells in the body within a localized area
C) Release of a number of potent inflammatory mediators, altering adhesive prop
D) Regulation and modulation of the immune response through synthesis and release of inflam
E) Release of scavenger cells capable of engulfing bacteria through phagocyto
, Ans: A, B
Feedback:
Chronic inflammation is of a longer duration, lasting for days to years, and is often associated with t
blood vessels (angiogenesis), tissue necrosis, and fibrosis (scarring). Endothelial cells are also ke
inflammatory response. They regulate leukocyte extravasation by expression of adhesion molecu
activation and contribute to the regulation and modulation of immune responses through synthesi
inflammatory mediators. Activated platelets also release a number of potent inflammatory medi
increasing vascular permeability and altering the chemotactic, adhesive, and proteolytic properties
cells. Neutrophils are scavenger cells capable of engulfing bacteria and other cellular debris throu
2. During a lecture on inflammation, the physiology instructor discusses the major cellular componen
inflammation response. The instructor asks, “Which of the following cells arrives early in great numb
with the correct response is:
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Monocytes
Ans: C
Feedback:
Neutrophils are the primary early arrival cells and are signified by an elevated neutrophil count tha
(PMNs) and immature (bands) cell forms. Basophils respond later. Lymphocytes have a slower arriv
The half-life of circulating monocytes is about a day, after which they begin to migrate to the site of
into larger macrophages, which have a longer half-life and greater phagocytic ability than do blo
3. A diabetic client has injured his foot while walking barefoot on the lawn. On admission, which o
assessment findings would be considered a localized cardinal sign of acute inflammat
A) Temperature of 101°F
B) Fatigue with listlessness
C) Redness and edema at the injured site
, D) Urine output of less than 500 mL/24 hours (low)
Ans: C
Feedback:
Localized manifestations include redness, swelling, and heat. Fever and fatigue are systemic manif
inflammation. Low urine output is not a localized sign but could be a systemic manifestation if the
septic shock.
4. An older adult client has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempting to boost herself up in b
has precipitated acute inflammation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following e
during the vascular stage of the client’s inflammation?
A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium
D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris
Ans: A
Feedback:
The vascular stage of acute inflammation includes the outpouring of exudate into the extravasc
Margination (epithelial accumulation of leukocytes), chemotaxis, and phagocytosis take place during
5. A client cuts herself with a sharp knife while cooking dinner. The client describes how the wound sta
had a red appearance almost immediately. The nurse knows that in the vascular stage of acute in
vessels:
A) Bleed profusely until the body can compensate and start to send fibrinogen to the
B) Vasodilate causing the area to become congested causing the red color and w
C) Constrict as a result of “fight/flight” hormone release resulting in pale-colored
D) Swell to the point of compromising circulation causing the limb to become cool to
Ans: B
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