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Summary of "A Brief History of English" - EXP 101L Expository Writing 101 with Lab
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  • EXP 101L
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  • Bentley University

The Evolution of English In an essay entitled “A Brief History of English” in the compilation Essential Essays, American scholar Paul Roberts outlines the history of the language and how it came to be the modern English that is spoken today. He begins by expressing his knowledge that the his...

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  • March 6, 2023
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  • summary of a brief history of english
  • the evolution of english in an essay entitled “a brief history of english” in the compilation essential essays
  • american scholar paul roberts outlines the

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Chartier 1


Jaime Chartier

Professor Lewis

Expository Writing I

18 September 2013

The Evolution of English

In an essay entitled “A Brief History of English” in the compilation Essential Essays,

American scholar Paul Roberts outlines the history of the language and how it came to be the

modern English that is spoken today. He begins by expressing his knowledge that the history is

lengthy and that he will only touch on “key points.”(5) He includes information on how other

languages such as French, Latin, and German have had an impact on the way English is

pronounced and written. For thousands of years the English language has been influenced by

many foreign languages. As the English language was shaped into what is spoken today,

numerous foreign language devices and vocabulary were incorporated into the language and

many changes in sound, grammar, and vocabulary occurred.

Roberts begins with introducing the very beginning of the English language and the first

historical knowledge of it. A few thousand years before A.D. the speakers of the oldest form of

English were groups of people that lived in the forests of Northern Europe (5). The language they

spoke was part of the Indo-European grouping but was considered a form of early German (5).

Eventually three tribes were formed and each spoke a different dialect of “Low German.” (5)

They were called the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes but can generally be referred to as the

Anglo-Saxons (6). Since the Roman Empire took up much of Europe in the beginning of A.D.,

these tribes had some contact with civilization. Their interactions with the Romans allowed for




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, Chartier 2


the Anglo-Saxons to take some Latin words and incorporate them into the languages that they

spoke (6). Some of these words include kettle, wine, cheap, and church (6).

Although the Anglo-Saxons learned a lot from the Roman Empire they took the

opportunity to attack while the Romans were already under siege (6). The Celtic tribes in

northern Britain had been attacking the Empire for almost a hundred years, and gained control of

England in A.D. 410 (6). The last of the Latin language being spoken in England left with the

empire, and what remained was the Celtic language with some Latin integration (6). The Anglo-

Saxons had also been attacking Britain for a while, using ships to get from the Northern coast of

Europe to the island (6). They were opposed by both the Roman’s and the Celts, but the Celts

were left almost completely defenseless when the Roman Empire in Britain fell. Subsequently

the Anglo-Saxons were able to take control of Britain around 550 after many years of fighting

with the Celts (7). Different parts of England became home to the different tribes. Although there

was no significant shift in language during this time, this was the first record of English being in

England (7). Although there is information about this time period, Roberts considers it “Pre-

History” and the essay states that it is not completely reputable and the real history begins after

A.D. 600 (5).

After the Anglo-Saxons took over England, they were known as the English. They began

to learn more of the Latin language when they were converted to Christianity (7). Through this

conversion, they were also taught the Latin alphabet (7). Roberts states that this is the beginning

of “Old English,” and the first time we have actual records of existence of the language (7).

These records are due to a spark in translation of Latin writings into the current language of

England during that time (8).




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