Date Purge
1917 Closing of opposition press and arrests of Mensheviks, SRs and Kadets.
1918 After assassination attempt on Lenin Cheka set up. Execution of the Tsar and his family.
Arrests and executions by Cheka. Purge of the party members (chistka).
1920-1 Strikes by peasants and workers – Tambov uprising crushed by the army. Kronstadt
uprising – members shot or sent to gulags. Workers opposition and Democratic
centralists within the party were ended with 1921 ban on factions.
1922 Anti-Church campaign. Intelligentsia, writers and artists deported, and censorship
introduced.
1926 Removal of Zinoviev, Trotsky and Kamenev from Politburo
1928 Shatsky trial against the miners
1929 Removal of Bukharin from Politburo
1930 Purges against kulaks and those against collectivisation
1932 Man-caused famine in Ukraine. Suicide of Nadezda (Stalin’s wife). Ryutin Platform –
criticism of Stalin and his leadership.
1933 Man-caused famine in Ukraine.
1934 The Congress votes for Kirov and not for Stalin. Kirov is murdered.
1935 Zinoviev arrested. 250 000 NKVD members expelled.
1936 Show trial of Zinoviev and Kamenev for Kirov’s death and being counter revolutionary.
1937 Ryutin shot. Show trial of Radek and Pyatakov as economic scapegoats. Trial and death
of the officer Tukhachevsky and other leading army officers + purge of other army
members. Arrests of local party officials. NKVD order 00447 against kulaks and
establishments of troiki. National sweeps (deportations) begin. Arrests and killings of
the writers.
1938 Labour decree (work-record books). Big purge of factory managers considered to be
saboteurs. Show trial of Bukharin, Yagoda and Rykov for ‘world conspiracy’. End of
mass arrests and shootings by Stalin. Reviews of arrests and release of prisoners. Beria
replaced Yezhov as head of NKVD. Arrests and killings of the writers.
1939 National minorities deported from their homes because of Nazi-Soviet Pact.
1940 Labour decree (absenteeism, 8-hour working day). Yezhov shot. National minorities
deported from their homes because of Nazi-Soviet Pact.
1941 West Germans deported. Order 270 considering those who surrender deserters.
1942 Order 227 - ‘Not a step back!’
1943 Crimean Tatars and Chechens deported.
1944 Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian leaders arrested, shot or exiled.
1945 Start of deportations of the people from new Soviet Republics.
1946 Zhukov (great army officer during WW2) removed from the position of influence.
1948 Molotov’s wife expelled from the Party and sentenced to gulag. The Jewish anti-
fascism committee closed.
1949 The Leningrad Affair – the leadership was purged.
1951 Arrest of the Mingrelian Party in Georgia.
1952 Stalin attacks Molotov and Mikoyan and replaced Politburo with Presidium of 25.
1953 The Doctors’ plot. Beria is arrested and shot.
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