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Health psychology: Prevention and treatment of smoking
Learning outcomes: Examine prevention strategies and treatments for addictive behaviour (smoking).
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Word count: 2, 838Learning outcomes:
Examine prevention strategies and treatments for addictive behaviour (smoking).
Smoking cigarettes is an addictive behaviour as tobacco in one cigarette contains 1-2mgs
of nicotine. Nicotine is a substance which is anything that people ingest in order to alter mood,
cognition, or behaviour. Substances can produce dependence and withdrawal symptoms which
would cause addiction. Smoking is the leading cause of death according to the World Health
Organisation (WHO), and therefore has to be prevented and treated. Non. There are many
prevention strategies that are taking place all over the world. WHO came up with an Mpower
strategy for preventing smoking which is an acronym for: Monitor tobacco use and prevention
policies, Protect people from tobacco smoke, Offer help to quit tobacco, Warn about the
dangers of tobacco use, Enforce bans on tobacco advertising and promotion, and Raise taxes on
tobacco. WHO has also made a worldwide “No Tobacco Day” on the 31st of May in order to
prevent children and adolescents from beginning to smoke.
Hanewinkel and Wiborg (2002) carried out a study, recognized as “Be smart – Don’t start”,
the aim of which was to investigate the effectiveness of a school-based campaign in Germany
with regard to primary and secondary prevention. The sample consisted of 131 classes with
2,142 pupils, mean age of 12.9 years. Smoking status was assessed before a competition started
and six months after the competition, the students decided whether they want to be in the non-
smoking class for six months or not. The control group was the classes who did not enter the
competition. The classes with non-smoking pupils participated in a prize draw with attractive
prizes. There was barely a difference in prevalence of smoking at baseline between the control
(18.5% smokers) and the experimental group (15.2% smokers). The results showed that pupils in
the control condition showed higher occurrence of smoking (32.9%) than the experimental
condition (25.5%). More pupils stayed smoke-free in the experimental group than in the control
group. The participation condition could delay the onset of smoking in some pupils (primary
preventions) but it was not able to stop smoking completely (secondary prevention). This raises
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