Table of Contents
Chapter 01: Nursing and the Health Care System .................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 02: Concepts of Health, Illness, Stress, and Health Promotion ................................................................ 14
Chapter 03: Legal and Ethical Aspects of Nursing ................................................................................................ 25
Chapter 04: The Nursing Process and Critical Thinking ........................................................................................ 39
Chapter 05: Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, and Planning .................................................................................. 47
Chapter 06: Implementation and Evaluation.......................................................................................................... 57
Chapter 07: Documentation of Nursing Care ......................................................................................................... 65
Chapter 08: Communication and the Nurse-Patient Relationship.......................................................................... 75
Chapter 09: Patient Education and Health Promotion ........................................................................................... 96
Chapter 10: Delegation, Leadership, and Management ....................................................................................... 107
Chapter 11: Growth and Development: Infancy Through Adolescence .............................................................. 121
Chapter 12: Adulthood and the Family ................................................................................................................ 144
Chapter 13: Promoting Healthy Adaptation to Aging .......................................................................................... 156
Chapter 14: Cultural and Spiritual Aspects of Patient Care ................................................................................. 167
Chapter 15: Loss, Grief, and End-of-Life Care .................................................................................................... 182
Chapter 16: Infection Prevention and Control: Protective Mechanisms and Asepsis .......................................... 194
Chapter 17: Infection Prevention and Control in the Hospital and Home ........................................................... 208
Chapter 18: Safe Lifting, Moving, and Positioning of Patients ........................................................................... 221
Chapter 19: Assisting with Hygiene, Personal Care, Skin Care, and the Prevention of PressureUlcers .............. 231
Chapter 20: Patient Environment and Safety ....................................................................................................... 244
Chapter 21: Measuring Vital Signs ...................................................................................................................... 254
Chapter 22: Assessing Health Status .................................................................................................................... 265
Chapter 23: Admitting, Transferring, and Discharging Patients .......................................................................... 277
Chapter 24: Diagnostic Tests and Specimen Collection ....................................................................................... 287
Chapter 25: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance....................................................................................... 298
Chapter 26: Concepts of Basic Nutrition and Cultural Considerations ............................................................... 308
Chapter 27: Nutritional Therapy and Assisted Feeding........................................................................................ 319
Chapter 28: Assisting with Respiration and Oxygen Delivery ............................................................................ 330
Chapter 29: Promoting Urinary Elimination ........................................................................................................ 340
Chapter 30: Promoting Bowel Elimination .......................................................................................................... 350
Chapter 31: Pain, Comfort, and Sleep.................................................................................................................. 361
Chapter 32: Complementary and Alternative Therapies ...................................................................................... 372
,Chapter 33: Pharmacology and Preparation for Drug Administration ................................................................ 383
Chapter 34: Administering Oral, Topical, and Inhalant Medications ................................................................... 393
Chapter 35: Administering Intradermal, Subcutaneous, and Intramuscular Injections ........................................ 403
Chapter 36: Administering Intravenous Solutions and Medications .................................................................. 413
Chapter 37: Care of the Surgical Patient .............................................................................................................. 423
Chapter 38: Providing Wound Care and Treating Pressure Ulcers ....................................................................... 432
Chapter 39: Promoting Musculoskeletal Function ............................................................................................... 442
Chapter 40: Common Physical Care Problems of the Older Adult ...................................................................... 451
Chapter 41: Common Psychosocial Care Problems of Older Adults .................................................................. 460
,Chapter 01: Nursing and the Health Care System
Williams: deWit's Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Florence Nightingale’s contributions to nursing practice and education:
a. are historically important but have no validity for nursing today.
b. were neither recognized nor appreciated in her own time.
c. were a major factor in reducing the death rate in the Crimean War.
d. were limited only to the care of severe traumatic wounds.
ANS: C
By improving sanitation, nutrition ventilation, and handwashing techniques, Florence
Nightingale’s nurses dramatically reduced the death rate from injuries in the Crimean War.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2 OBJ: Theory #1
TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
2. Early nursing education and care in the United States:
a. were directed at community health.
b. provided independence for women through education and employment.
c. were an educational model based in institutions of higher learning.
d. have continued to be entirely focused on hospital nursing.
ANS: B
Because of the influence of early nursing leaders, nursing education became more formalized
through apprenticeships in Nightingale schools that offered independence to women through
education and employment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2 OBJ: Theory #4
TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
3. In order to fulfill the common goals defined by nursing theorists (promote wellness, prevent
illness, facilitate coping, and restore health), the LPN must take on the roles of:
a. caregiver, educator, and collaborator.
b. nursing assistant, delegator, and environmental specialist.
c. medication dispenser, collaborator, and transporter.
d. dietitian, manager, and housekeeper.
ANS: A
In order for the LPN to apply the common goals of nursing, he or she must assume the roles
of caregiver, educator, collaborator, manager, and advocate.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 3 OBJ: Theory #2
TOP: Art and Science of Nursing KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
4. Although nursing theories differ in their attempts to define nursing, all of them base their
beliefs on common concepts concerning:
, a. self-actualization, fundamental needs, and belonging.
b. stress reduction, self-care, and a systems model.
c. curative care, restorative care, and terminal care.
d. human relationships, the environment, and health.
ANS: D
Although nursing theories differ, they all base their beliefs on human relationships, the
environment, and health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 4 OBJ: Theory #2
TOP: Nursing Theories KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
5. Standards of care for the nursing practice of the LPN are established by the:
a. Boards of Nursing Examiners in each state.
b. National Council of States Boards of Nursing (NCSBN).
c. American Nurses Association (ANA).
d. National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses.
ANS: D
The National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses modified the standards published by the
ANA in 2015 to better fit the role of the LPN. In 2015 the American Nurses Association
(ANA) revised the Standards of Nursing Practice which contained 17 standards of national
practice of nursing, describing all facets of nursing practice: who, what, when, where, how.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 6 OBJ: Theory #2
TOP: Standards of Care KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
6. The LPN demonstrates an evidence-based practice by:
a. using a drug manual to check compatibility of drugs.
b. using scientific information to guide decision making.
c. using medical history of a patient to direct nursing interventions.
d. basing nursing care on advice from an experienced nurse.
ANS: B
The use of scientific information from high-quality research to guide nursing decisions is
reflective of the application of evidence-based practice.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 7 OBJ: Theory #3
TOP: Evidence-Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
7. Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster established the Henry Street Settlement Service in New York
in 1893 in order to:
a. offer a shelter to injured war veterans.
b. found a nursing apprenticeship.
c. provide health care to poor persons living in tenements.
d. offer better housing to low-income families.
ANS: C
