Based on spec points that have yet to come up in previous a level geography edexcel exam papers. detailed essay plans with case studies. used as my main revision technique and proved very helpful.
1)Assess the extent to which development affects the economic, and social impacts
of tectonic hazard (12)
Introduction development affects the Economic and Social impacts as well as many other
factors such as magnitude and type of Hazard different to compare impacts of hazards
unique circumstances.
developing volcano: or use Haiti.
Democratic Republic of Congo years of civil war people flee to cities Goma increasing their
vulnerability reduce the capacity of the country to prioritise volcanic monitoring divergent
plate boundary 147 died.
120000 homeless widespread due to Holdings owned by unsanitary.
loss of US dollars 1.2 billion
15% of Goma destroyed developing Nations suffer greatly from displaced people those left
homeless do not have the option for temporary accommodation provided by the state
volcanic eruptions tend to have few in Pakistan earthquakes and tsunamis - less warning.
emerging tsunami:
Indian Ocean tsunami killed 250000.
1.7 million were displaced over 15 countries.
15 billion dollars of economic loss
break of cholera: fish died, lack of food from farms being destroyed from saltwater
contamination jobs were lost poorest countries were affected with more vulnerable
communication lines cars roads and railways more economic
can cope better than developing countries as more infrastructure at risk of being destroyed
could better cope.
developed tsunami:
Japanese Tohoku Tsunami 16000 deaths
divergent plate boundary subducted under damage to roads and railways.
300 billion lost.
200k buildings damaged Japanese Pride last one left with nothing shipping disrupted due to
Port destruction 209 companies forced into bankruptcy long-term damage to remove
radioactive contamination due to damage to nuclear power station.
Conclusion
more economic losses the more developed it is increased social losses in less developed
depends on other factors like type magnitude distance from plate boundary etc
, 2) assess the extent to which disaster occurrence is a result of vulnerability and
resilience (12)
disaster what only occur when a vulnerable population is exposed to Hazard
1 : CRED says a hazard becomes a disaster when 10 or more people are killed and or 100
+ people are affected
degg’s model disaster vulnerability and hazard event create a disaster
disaster vulnerability: physical environment dangerous location like unprotected buildings
socioeconomic vulnerability weak economy lack of disaster prep for prevalence of
Hunger and endemic disease
local scale- lack of training and food
limited access to power and Resources
failing political systems
Macro - rapid urbanisation
rapid population change
debt payment issues
overexploitation of resources
2) pressure and release model analyse factors that cause a population to be vulnerable to a
hazard
vulnerability routed and social processes dynamic ever-changing
root causes economic political affecting large populations
number of people affected increase closer to the root cause
vulnerability - Physical economic social knowledge Environmental
complex no 2 hazards are the same factors interconnected
3) other ways to classify
economic cost un sendai framework reduce loss
comparing tectonic disaster to prevent events
volume of people affected
Can include the comparison of japan’s and haiti’s resilience and vulnerability.
Japan: 2011, 9 magnitude, 15000 deaths. invested heavily invested in earthquake proof
buildings and early warning signs. Grab bags and hard hats in buildings. 1st of sept.
Haiti:2010, 7 magnitude, 230000 deaths. Low resilience and preparation. Lack of adequate
building codes. Illiterate population, lack of awareness and proper disaster management.
However, natural disasters contribute to causing disasters.
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