This is a detailed table on the Nature of Government topic of the Russia and its Rulers unit. I used these tables to plan essays and proved invaluable in preparing for my exams. I am predicted an A* in history and have consistently achieved high grades in essays using these tables. These are great...
Nature of Government – Themes Table
Alexander II Alexander III Nicholas II PG Lenin Stalin Khrushchev
Secret Third Section – Made up of 40 Okhrana – Powers People’s Militia Cheka – Red terror in NKVD – KGB –
Police people with a backlog of 1100 extended in the Statute replaces the the summer of 1918. Yezhovshchina or now controlled by the
cases. Peter Shuvalov becomes of State security in 1881 Okhrana. Official deaths by the the Great Purge. CPSU whereas the NKVD
head of 3rd section 1866. Elected by the Cheka 1918-1920 at 700,000 killed. had been an instrument
local 13,000 but estimated of Stalin’s personal
government. to be much higher at dictatorship, as opposed
Ineffective as it 300,000. class to the Party’s
failed to warfare. Grain dictatorship
maintain requisitioning Beria is executed.
control of the
countryside.
Censorship Degree of glasnost achieved - Reinforced Safeguard Literature censored – Censorship Censorship increased Censorship Second period of
removed censorship on media. Tolstoy’s relaxed. – 1922 pre-publication increased Glasnost - day in the Life
Suspended pre-publication Ministry of Internal Resurrection banned Abolished the censorship. Russian particularly in of Ivan Denisovich by
censorship between 1855 and Affairs declare any region for portrayal of Ministry of writers and scholar relation to foreign Solzhenitsyn is
1865. in state of ‘reinforced’ or corrupt judicial Press and deported. media – In 1949 the published. Contrast to Dr
‘extraordinary’ protection system. replaced it with Soviet government Zhivago by Boris
-authorities prohibit the Ministry of launched campaign Pasternack.
gatherings of > 12 people, In 1905 the Education and to censor the Voice
suspend periodicals, close government Enlightenment of America radio
schools and unis and introduced a law – commitment station which
dismiss local employed as requiring newspapers to free broadcasted in the
well as prosecute any to be approved by expression SU. Accused of
individual for political the police before inciting unrest.
crimes. publication.
In 1901, the
government banned
the Social Democratic
Party.
Propaganda Important to promote the idea of Church of Spilled Blood. The famous The Party’s Stakhanovite Key slogans used to
“official nationality”. Loyalty to Promote the principles of filmmaker propaganda and movement - Alexei create enthusiasm for
the state. The Ministry of “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Sergei policies did not Stakhanov heralded the Virgin Lands Scheme
Education introduced new and Nationality”. Eisenstein educate and persuade for his productivity - “Let us increase grain
textbooks and curricula that Famous writers such as made the masses, rather break record for production! Let us
emphasised the importance of Ilya Repin and Fyodor propaganda they productivity - conquer the virgin land!”
civic duty. Dostoevsky encouraged films evoked a response produces 102 Numerous campaigns:
to produce works that supporting the because they tonnes of coal in 6 “peaceful coexistence
glorified the Russian Provisional coincided with the hours - 14x the with the west”
state. Government, views the masses target) “communism with a
, Nature of Government – Themes Table
such as "Strike" already had. Compelling human face”
and "Battleship “Peace, Land, bread” management to
Potemkin." “All power to the adopt new
Soviets” production
methods. “such
pseudo leaders must
be removed
immediately”
Cult of Personality
Degree of Introduction of the Zemstva in Reduced the power of The Dumas created Promised a 1936 constitution – Decentralisation of
Democracy 1864 which had an elected the Zemstva and an 1890 by the October constituent universal suffrage as power – 105 economic
membership which included decree reduced ability to Manifesto. assembly which the bourgeois planning regions.
peasants and urban workers. levy taxes. Centralisation. was classes “no longer
Electoral colleges used which Fundamental Laws democratically exist”. Gave civil In the early 60s
were weighted towards the In 1874, a law was passed 1906: elected. rights such as introduced an anti-
wealthy. that transferred control Tsar retained right to However, this freedom of the corruption campaign,
over hospitals and public appoint all govt. never came to press, religion and with the aim of more
health to the central officials fruition. organisation. Article transparency in
government. Tsar could dissolve 126 ensured hat government.
Duma whenever communist party
Duma cannot and the ultimate 1957 – direct elections o
propose new laws, control. The local. Officials.
only the tsars could communist party
propose. was “the nucleus of
Dissolved in 1906, all the public and
1907 and 1912 stat organisations”
Blocked reforms =
tolerance for the
jews, extension of
the zemstvo into
non-Russian areas.
Degree of Role of the tsar based on Enforced his Aimed to Based on the October Stalin's legitimacy
legitimacy appointment by god. Reforms legitimacy through achieve Revolution but was based on
and opposition demonstrate a Fundamental Laws of legitimacy consolidated by the 5 Leninism but the
lack of respect for the tsar’s 1906 but this was through a year Civil War Secret Speech that
legitimacy. ineffective due to his constituent suggesting a lack of K. issued claimed
assassination and assembly. acceptance of his rise that Lenin never
loss of the Romanov However, this to power + DofP wanted Stalin to be
Dynasty was made leader.
impossible
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