This is a detailed table for the war and revolutions topic of the Russia and its Rulers unit, and is broken down into specific themes which are ideal for essays. I used these to make essay plans and mindmaps which proved to be invaluable in revising for my mock exams and final exams for which I am...
War and Revolution - Themes
A2 Crimean War (1853- 1905 Revolution Russo-Japanese WW1 1914-1918 February October Civil War (1917-22) WW2 (1941-45) Cold War (1947-91)
56) War 1904 to Revolution Revolution 1917
1905 1917
General economic Loss of the Crimean Putilov works Very expensive Economy ill-equipped to Economy Nationalisation of War Communism and Significant growth Increased spending
impact Peninsula = Russia lost strike in St. war – cost of deal with a modern war. remained very the banking then NEP in 1921 w/ massive on atomic
important agricultural and Petersburg – Nov maintaining Total spending amounts unstable and system and WC gave the state investment into development and on
industrial region 1905 – demanded large military to 3bn roubles the PG centralised strict state control military-industrial the space race.
better conditions, force in far east couldn’t fix. economic production and trade. complexes. SU's
wages and 8 hour – 1.7 billion planning NEP after the 1921 debt-to-GDP ratio
work day – city roubles – exports famine. ‘Let the high as 50% by
paralysed by a to China and peasants have their end.
general strike – Japan fell sharply little bit of capitalism,
led to bloody as long as we keep the
Sunday. power’
Supreme Council
From 1905-1914
of the National
the economy grew
Economy
6% pa.
Industry Emergence of new Shortage of coal Treaty of Brest Litovsk Putilov works Rabkrin Industrial production Lost 70% capacity USSR was 2nd only to
industrial areas – Urals in the far east of (March 1918) took 54% of strike – established in after the war was only for coal and iron the USA in industrial
Industrial Region – iron, Russia mean industry, 89% of workers 1918 factory 1/7 of what it had ore mining. capacity post WW2
steel – demand for arms closure of coalmines. demands inspectorate – 8 been in 1913
spurred investment factories – refused and hour work day Industry falls to 10-
Built 3500
Vladivostok joined 20% of pre war levels
factories
electric power international
Not effective in
plant forced to women’s day
practice.
shut parade on 23 3rd FYP geared
of Feb 1917. towards war
1943 soviet tank
factories
produced 29,000
tanks
Agricultural Govt. took steps to improve Peasants not Many farmers Decline in grain harvests – NEP - Grain Worst year for Collective farms
production / policy agricultural development – involved. So over 1 mill were 1913 – 81 million tonnes requisitioning agricultural forced to
new agricultural schools to impact indirect. drafted into the – 1917 47 million tonnes abolished - replaced production was amalgamate but
promote modern farming The introduction f Russian army by a ‘tax in kind’ 1943 - 38% of there was no real
techniques – Moscow new political which meant Small businesses 1940 levels benefit from this
Agricultural and Forestry freedoms and there was a reopened
Institute (1865) – rural parties led to decline in Ban on private trade
Collectivisation –
farmers didn’t have access demands for productivity removed
MTS established
to this. reform. Eventually
led to Stolypin’s
1923 cereal
reforms. SU produced 75
Production did not increase production had
“Wager on the million tons of
by 1900 it was 25% of increased 23%
Strong” – wheat in ww2
British output. compared to 1920
encouraged just below pre-
wealthy peasants war levels
to purchase and Scissor crisis – food Regardless the
develop land – prices drop but amount produced
encouraged industrial prices rise was insufficient
migration of 3
million to Siberia.
, War and Revolution - Themes
Grain Blockade of the Black Sea Strikes on the Russian army 2,220 pre-war dropped to Grain fell short of
by the British and French railways led to. A requisitioned 700 wagons of grain per target in the seven
navies + requisitioning = shortage of grain - price of month (1917) (Moscow) year plan.
hard to get grain to wagons and wheat increased planned 164-180
international markets – backlog of grain by as much as million tons - only
grain prices skyrocketed waiting to be 300% between managed 121 million
shipped from the 1903 and 1905 tonnes.
black sea.
Peasants The Edict of February 1861 Tambov was a Peasants made up a large Promised land Green army – against The devastation Forced
– Emancipation of the serfs. major grain proportion of the 36 reform but wc – peasant leaders caused by war led collectivisation of
Conscription reduced from producing region million men that were never Nestor Makhnano in to the 1946 peasants continued.
25 years to 6 and this was in Russia and the mobilised by 1917 achieved – Ukraine and Fyodor famine with 1 Persecution of
universal regardless of Russian army illegal land Shchuss in Siberia million dead wealthier peasant
social status. requisitions up seizures – c. played a prominent mainly in rural class
Forced to pay redemption to 40% of their 2000 role areas
dues for 49 yrs with 6% grain.
-symbol of socialism
interest.
Change in Ministry of War established Establishment of State Duma In 1915 N2 assumed Overthrow of Lenin 1918 A ban on factions was Assured Stalin’s S – Cominform and
structure of in 1865 to strengthen the the state Duma direct control over the Romanovs – constitution – all created to bring the position in power comecon 1949 – aid
government/policy govt.s control over army. with the October military but this only temporary Russian congress party into line and in-line with soviet
Military failures highlighted Manifesto in 1906. eroded public confidence until a of soviets – prevent any criticism principles
need for greater Franchise further. Significant shift in constituent Sovnarkom – of the capitalist
coordination. relatively broad – the balance of power with assembly cheka – USSR – elements of the NEP.
all men 25+ who reliance of Duma – 1917 convened – nationalisation.
paid a certain revolution – tsar dual authority
Law of Zemstvos – locally
amount in taxes abdicates – Prov Govt. – with the
elected councils at both
and had a certain don’t leave war – Oct Petrograd
provincial and district levels
education level revolution – Lenin in govt. soviet.
– weighted votes – taxes
Peasants and
and public services.
workers excluded.
Progressive bloc in the
1907 change
duma when duma
franchise
convened in 1915 –
speech by Milyukov – is
Dissolved 1906 the tsar stupid or
after 73 days, treasonous”
1907, and 1912.
Fundamental laws
WW1 gave the
- veto
preconditions for two
revolutions in one year.
Impact on the Repeal of the Cantonist Seen as a Many Russians Jews blamed – pogroms – Granted equality Despite the
Jews Decrees in 1856 after the scapegoat for and govt. Lenin introduced more to the Jews and extreme
war. Had required Jewish economic blamed the freedoms for the Jews – this led to Jewish persecution of
boys to serve in the Russian problems. country’s defeat creation of Yiddish Autonomous the jews by nazi
military for up to 25 years. Pogroms of 1905 – on the Jews – schools – legal Oblast in 1928 – Germany – stalin
Led to widespread October 1905 – anti-Semitic recognition. homeland for had little
persecution and forced Odessa – 400 propaganda Jewish people in sympathy
conversion. deaths – russia Introduced
1917 provisional
Many saw system as archaic instigated by anti- campaign of
government abolish pale
and ineffective – civil Semitic elements “anti-
of settlement.
disobedience that had in the local govt cosmopolitanism”
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