This document includes revision notes regarding Depth 4 of the rebellion and disorder under the Tudors module for History A Level. The well-organised notes include information about the Revolt of the Northern Earls under Queen Elizabeth I throughout 1569-70, from a consistent grade A student. The c...
POLITICAL:
- North = strongly Catholic + loyal to Richard III = dangerous for Elizabeth especially because it
would take long time for communication to travel between London + North in case of an
emergency.
- Risk of invasion from Scotland into England = lack of safety.
- She was a woman = respected less.
RELIGIOUS:
- Elizabeth I’s 1559 religious settlement = aimed to restore Protestantism.
- North saw Mary as their true Queen + Elizabeth was Protestant.
- Mary = legitimate claim to the throne as Henry VII was her grandfather = Elizabeth was
illegitimate as she was the daughter of Anne Boleyn.
Elizabeth also had no heirs + wasn’t married = weak position.
Mary had a son James VI.
- Anger at non-illustrious Protestants for getting important gov. positions in North = ancient
noble family bases wanted to maintain their power.
ECONOMIC + SOCIAL:
- Social climbing = court plot = Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk would marry Mary Queen of
Scots.
KEY DATES + EVENTS
LEADING UP:
- May 1568 = arrival of Mary in England + Court plot for Duke of Norfolk to marry her.
- Mary was expecting refuge + help in regaining the Scottish throne.
- Wasn’t allowed to live freely = became a potential figurehead for Catholics.
- Her presence in England = became a focus for members of nobility who were discontented
with Elizabeth’s rule = sought to return to Catholicism.
- Placed additional pressure on Elizabeth to make the succession to the throne clear.
- 16th Sept. 1569 = Norfolk questioning the loyalties of the Queen = Westmorland +
Northumberland were confident that he was planning to rebel.
- Led them to plan a rising of their own.
- 1st Oct. 1569 = Duke of Norfolk surrenders to the Queen = no longer part of the court plot.
- 24th Oct. 1569 = Elizabeth ordered for them to appear at court for questioning = she was
suspicious of them = this provoked them to begin revolt earlier as they had no other option.
- 9th Nov. 1569 = Westmorland’s supporters begin mass at Brancepeth Castle = gathered
support from the commons, not just nobility.
- Northumberland joins revolt = initially reluctant but persuaded by his followers = gentry
remained loyal to queen.
WHY WAS IT A THREAT?
1) Stability = posed direct threat to stability of the North + Elizabeth’s position.
2) Geography = showed how insecure Elizabeth’s grip was over remote areas of the
country = Council of the North wasn’t strong enough to prevent rebellions.
3) Mary Queen of Scots = increased pressure on Elizabeth to settle the royal succession =
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