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  5. Cardiology (BM3501)

Lecture notes

cardiac physiology & excitation contraction coupling in cardiac muscle
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The mechanisms which regulate the contractile function of cardiac muscle will be examined at the cellular level. These mechanisms will be related to structure of the cardiac cell. Revision of the cardiac action potential and conduction.

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  • June 28, 2023
  • 11
  • 2022/2023
  • Lecture notes
  • Derek scott
  • Cardiovascular physiology

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Cardiac Physiology &
Excitation Contraction Coupling
in Cardiac Muscle
Lecture Notes

Cardiac Anatomy
Cardiac Action Potential (ventricular AP)

📌 Sodium and calcium excite
things
Potassium and chloride
calm things down


phase 0

Depolarisation - Na+ channels
open to let Na+ into cell

phase 1
Repolarisation - Na+ channels
close (K+ open to let K+ out)

phase 2
plateau phase - L-type Ca2+
channels open to let Ca2+ in →
contraction

phase 3

Repolarisation - K+ channels
open to let K+ leave the cell

phase 4



Cardiac Physiology & Excitation Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Muscle 1

, spontaneous depolarisation to
threshold

Pacemaker Action Potential
initiated in the pacemaker cells → SA node

no resting membrane potential

depolarise spontaneously

atrioventricular (AV) node

slows down spread of
depolarisation wave from atria to
ventricle
ie AV node delay

Why would you want to
slow down the spread of
depolarisation?

to allow atria to complete
contraction before
ventricles

directs the electrical signal via
specialised fast conducting cells

Bundle of His

Purkinje fibre cells

Heart beat
1. SA node initiate action potential

2. atrium contracts, forcing blood
into ventricles

3. wave of depolarisation travels
down to the AV node

4. small delay occurs (0.1s) →
allows atria to contract fully and
ventricles to fill before contracting




Cardiac Physiology & Excitation Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Muscle 2

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