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Summary of Education and research methods - Ethnicity and educational achievement - Internal factors and ethnic differences in achievement (2) Institutional racism (AS, A-level, and GCSE)£4.69
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Summary of Education and research methods - Ethnicity and educational achievement - Internal factors and ethnic differences in achievement (2) Institutional racism (AS, A-level, and GCSE)
In-depth notes on internal factors and ethnic differences in achievement (2) Institutional racism and the impact it has upon education. It includes the necessary sociologists and recent statistical data to take your grade to the next level. Exams come pre-highlighted to focus on the essential aspec...
Internal factors and ethnic differences in achievement (2)
institutional racism-sociologist list
Key:
Heheh-Sociologist Heheh-Important information
Information on institutional racism
● Troyna and Williams(1986)
- Schools and colleges and how they are routinely and even unconsciously
discriminating against ethnic minorities
- The distinction between 2 types of racism:
1. Individual racism→racism due to prejudiced views of individuals and
others(e.g teachers)
2. Institutional racism→racism due to the discrimination which is built in the
way establishments/institutions operate(e.g. Schools and colleges)
Critical race theory
● Carmichael and Hamilton(1967)
- Two founders of the Black Panther Party(USA)
- Critical race theory and how it is not just the actions of individuals, but, more
importantly, institutional racism
- “Less overt, more subtle…it originates in the operations of established and
respected forces in society”
→Locked-in equality
● Roithmayr(2003)
- Locked-in equality→historical discrimination is so large that there does not
need to be any conscious intention to discriminate, as the inequality acts as
a cycle and will continue for a large amount of time
● Gilborn(2008)
1
, - Ethnic equality→ ” so deep-rooted and so large that it is a practically
inevitable feature of the education system”
Marketisation and segregation
● Gilborn(1997)
- Marketisation and Institutional racism
- Schools allow negative stereotypes to influence decisions about school
admissions
● Moore and Davenport(1990)
- Study in America
- Selection procedures lead to ethnic segregation→minority pupils are failing
to get into better secondary schools due to discrimination
- Study of a primary school→schools screened out pupils with language
difficulties, while parents who were non-English speakers had found it
difficult to apply their children to schools
- Procedures favoured white people and disadvantaged pupils from ethnic
minority backgrounds
- The selection of students is an ethnically stratified education system
● The Commission for Racial Equality(1993)
- Ethnic minority children end up going to unpopular schools, due to racism in
school admissions procedures
- The report showcases the reasons for their findings:
1. Report from primary schools that stereotype minority students
2. Racist Bias in school placement interviews
3. Lack of information and application forms in ethnic languages
4. Ethnic minority parents are unaware of deadlines(the importance of deadlines)
and the waiting list system for their child placed in a school
The ethnocentric curriculum
● Information on the ethnocentric curriculum
- ‘Ethnocentric’→an attitude or policy that gives priority to the culture and
viewpoint of one particular ethnic group, while disregarding others(reflects
the culture of one minority group, usually with a dominant culture)
- The Ethnocentric curriculum is said to be a prime example of racism in the UK
as it reinforces racial bias in everyday working in colleges and school
2
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