1. What are monomers?: Monomers are *small units* which are the
components of larger molecules.
2. What are polymers?: Polymers are molecules made from *many
monomers* joined together.
3. What are examples of monomers?: *Monosaccharides, amino acids*
and *nu- cleotides*
4. What are examples of polymers?: *Polysaccharides, polypeptides* and
*polynucleotides*
5. What reaction allows two monomers to bond together?: A *condensation
re- action* allows *two monomers* to be joined together by a chemical
bond, *releasing a water molecule*.
6.What reaction breaks the chemical bond between two molecules?: A
*hydrol- ysis reaction* allows the chemical bond to break between two
molecules and this happens due to the *addition of water*.
7. What are carbohydrates?: Carbohydrates are molecules which consist
only of
*carbon, hydrogen and oxygen*.
8. What is the small unit that makes up a carbohydrate.: Monosaccharides
,9. What is formed when two monosaccharides go through condensation
reac- tion?: A *disaccharide* is formed.
10.What is the special bond that is formed during the condensation
reaction between two monosaccharides?: A *glycosidic bond*
11.What is formed when many monosaccharides go through
condensation reaction?: A *polysaccharide* is formed.
12.What are examples of monosaccharides?: - *Glucose* (*±g-lucose*
and *² glucose*)
- *Galactose*
- *Fructose*
13.What is the structure of both ±g-lucose and ²glucose?:oth have
*6 ght*
They b carbon atoms*, ±g-lucose has its OH group
attached at the *bottom ri glucose has its OH group
attached at the *top right*.
14.Which disaccharide is formed when two ±g-lucose molecules join
togeth- er?: Maltose
15.Which disaccharide is formed when a glucose molecule fructose join
and together?: Sucrose
, 16. Which disaccharide is formed when a glucose molecule andalactose
g together?
17. What are the three polysaccharides that are formed from glucose
monomers?: - *Glycogen* (formed by the condensation of ±g-lucose)
- *Starch* (formed by the condensation of ±g-lucose)
- *Cellulose* (formed by the condensation of ²glucose)
18.What is starch?: Starch is what plants *store as excess glucose*.
When plants require glucose for respiration and energy, starch is
broken down into glucose.
19.What mixture does starch consist of?: *Amylose* and *Amylopectin*
20.Describe the structure of starch?: Amylose is a *long, unbranched
chain of
becomes
±g-lucose* molecules. Due to its specific glycosidic bonding, its shape
*coiled*, which makes it very *compact*.
ot many
Amylopectin is a *long, branched chain of ±g-lucose*
molecules. It has g branches* on it.
, 21.Explain the relationship between the structure and function in starch.:
The coiled and compact shape of amylose allows a *lot of energy to be
stored*, therefore making it good for energy storage.
The side branches on amylopectin allow *enzymes to break down* the
molecule and make it *easier to break the glycosidic bond*. This means
that energy can be
*released quicker* for important functions like *respiration*.
Starch is also *insoluble* and therefore *do not affect the water
potential*, so water cannot enter cells by osmosis.
22.What is the test for starch?: *Add the test sample to iodine solution*
(potassi- um iodide solution).
If the solution turns from *brown/orange to blue/black*, then *starch is
present*.
23.What is glycogen?: Glycogen is the *main energy storage* in
animals and it stores excess glucose to be used later on, such as
respiration.
24.Describe the structure of glycogen.: Glycogen has a *large number of
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