For anyone studying Families and Households in Sociology at A or AS Level, this document provides a thorough companion to your classes and textbook. Lesson 6/8 focuses on the Effects of an Ageing Population, Death rates, and Fertility Rates: views, reasons, case studies and evaluations, as well as ...
Families and Households: Lesson 5
Effects of Changes in Fertility and Death Rates
Key Terms: The Family:
Dependency ratio- the relationship
between the size of the productive Smaller families mean that women are more likely to be
population and the size of the dependent free to go out to work.
population. Duel earning means families will be able to have a higher
Death rate- number of deaths per 1000 income.
of the population per year. The Dependency Ratio:
Life expectancy- the number of years
that a person can expect to live. A fall in the number of children reduces the burden of
Sociologists: dependency on the working population.
Tranter Fewer babies will mean fewer adults and a smaller
working population.
Vanishing children- fewer children means a lonelier childhood, though they will come to be more
valued.
Public services and polices:
Fewer schools and maternity and child health services may be needed.
Affects the cost of maternity and paternity leave.
Average age of the population is rising.
Death Rates:
Tranter:
Tranter argues that the main reason for the decline in death rates from 1850-1970 was due to deaths caused
by infectious diseases declining.
By 1950s cancers and heart diseases had become the main cause of death.
A baby born today has a greater chance of reaching its 65th birthday than a baby born in 1900 did of reaching
it’s first.
Factors causing the ageing population:
- Increasing life expectancy
- Declining infant mortality
- Declining fertility
Summary
Changes in fertility can impact families, the elderly community, and the public services needed to address
the decreasing number of number of children and, consequently, few working adults. However, an
increased life expectancy means that of the children who are born, more are likely to reach their senior
years in comparison to the last century.
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