Milady Chapter 6 Skincare Products, Chemistry, Ingredients and Selection Exam Questions and Answers
acai berry - Answer- berry rich in antioxidants, vitamins A, B, C and E; protects, replenishes; helps heal damaged skin
alcohol - Answer- antiseptic and solvent used in perfumes, lotions and astringents; specially denatured (SD) alcohol is a mixture of ethanol with a denaturing agent
zinc oxide - Answer- mineral physical sunscreen ingredient that reflects UVA and UVB rays; also used to protect, soothe, and heal the skin; is somewhat astringent, antiseptic, and antimicrobial.
witch hazel - Answer- Extracted from the bark of the hamanelis shrub; can be a soothing agent or, in higher concentrations, an astringent.
water soluble - Answer- mixable with water
vehicles - Answer- Spreading agents and ingredients that carry or deliver other ingredients into the skin and make them more effective.
vegan - Answer- a product that is labeled vegan should not contain any animal ingredients or animal by-products
urea - Answer- properties include enhancing the penetrative abilities of other substances; anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and deodorizing action that protects the skin's
surface and helps maintain healthy skin
unscented - Answer- product formulated to have no smell; because most ingredients in a formulation for have an order, more ingredients have to be added to neutralize the smell
toners - Answer- also known as fresheners or astringents; liquids designed to tone and tighten the skin's surface
titanium dioxide - Answer- Inorganic physical sunscreen that reflects UV radiation.
tea tree oil - Answer- soothing antiseptic; antifungal properties
sun protection factor - Answer- Abbreviated SPF. indicated ability of a product to delay sun induced erythema, the visible sign of sun damage. The SPF rating is based only on UVB protection, not UVA exposure. sulfer - Answer- reduces the activity of oil glands and dissolves the skin's surface layer of dry, dead cells; commonly used in acne products
squalane - Answer- Derived from olives; desensitizes and nourishes; an emollient.
Sodium Bicarbonate - Answer- Baking soda; an alkaline inorganic salt used as a buffering agent, neutralizer, and a pH adjuster.
serums - Answer- concentrated liquid ingredients for the skin designed to penetrate and
treat various skin conditions
seaweed - Answer- Seaweed derivatives such as algae have many nourishing properties; known for its humectant and moisturizing properties, vitamin content, metabolism stimulation and detoxification, and aiding skin firmness.
salicylic acid - Answer- Beta hydroxy acid with exfoliating and antiseptic properties; natural sources include sweet birch, willow bark, and wintergreen.
Retinol - Answer- Natural form of vitamin A; stimulates cell repair and helps to normalize
skin cells by generating new cells.
Quaternium 15 - Answer- An all-purpose preservative active against bacteria, mold, and
yeast. It is probably the greatest formaldehyde releaser among cosmetic preservatives, causing dermatitis and allergies
preservatives - Answer- chemical agents that inhibit the growth of microorganisms in cosmetic formulations; they kill bacteria and prevent product from spoiling
polymers - Answer- Chemical compounds formed by combining a number of small molecules (monomers) into long chain-like structures; advanced vehicles that release substances onto the skin's surface at a microscopically controlled rate.
Polyglucans - Answer- Ingredients derived from yeast cells that help strengthen the immune system and stimulate the metabolism; also hydrophilic and help preserve and protect collagen and elastin.
Plant stem cells - Answer- derived from plants to protect or stimulate our own skin stem cells; health and anti-aging ingredients
Phthalates - Answer- plasticizers used in skin care formulas to moisturize and soften skin, and to dissolve or blend ingredients
pH adjusters - Answer- Acids or alkalis (bases) used to adjust the pH of products.
Petrolatum - Answer- emollient ingredient derived from petroleum sources
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