conclusion of stagflation. From far away for it to be credited to the prosperity of the eu after
the war, WHAT was considered to be a disappointment. Does not, contrary to popular
opinion, it supported the protectionist policies among european nations, and has led to an
increase in the sea17 , and the Report of the Dooge, in 1985, he called for a new beginning. In
accordance with the Single European Act (SEA) in 1986, the veto of the national, has been
replaced by the use of qualified majority voting and the european institutions have been given
the task to transform the common market into a "single market" really free "18.
Membership in the single market but not the customs union,it is possible for a member
of the single market to be in agreement with the free flow of economic resources between him
and the rest of the members, in the meantime, why not share the common customs tariff duties
on goods imported from the outside,it is the case in Norway, where he is a member of the
single market, but not in the european customs union,however, this imposes significant
restrictions to Norway.
First of all, the producers of the norwegians, who exports to the other members of the
single market, we need to prove that the goods originate in Norway, and by the "rules of
origin". In other words, though not, it can be a bridge for non-EU manufacturers who want to
avoid the tariffs of the EU. In the second place, the access to the single market is to allow the
free movement of people, which can cause problems for the integration, as well as the
suppression of the wages of norway. In the end, in Norway you have to contribute to the
various programs and schemes, and to award grants to various organizations, and, as a result
of the access to open the single market.
1.3.5. European union total
When the economies of the regions of the agreement, with the integration of the
economy's total trade barriers are falling, and the coordination of the economic and political
rise. The experts in this field, define the seven stages of economic integration: 19 the area of
trading in short, is a free trade area, a customs union, a common market, an economic union,
to economic and monetary union and economic integration is complete. The final step is an
approximation of the total of fiscal policy and the monetary union is complete.
The benefits of the economic integration of the total fall into the three categories: the
benefits of trade, employment, and political co-operation. More specifically, the economic
17
Natalie Chen and Dennis Novy, “Barriers to Trade Within the European Union,” University of Warwick,
https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/centres/eri/bulletin/2008-09-3/chen-novy/.
18
“The European Single Market,” EU Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/index_en.htm.
19
Rădulescu E., Politici monetare şi fiscale, C.D.I., Bucureşti, 2005,p.193
13
,integration can lead to the reduction of trading costs, the availability of improved goods and
services, and a wider selection of them, and the efficiency gains, leading to a greater
purchasing power. Economic integration can reduce the cost of the trade, can improve the
availability of the goods and / or services can increase the purchasing power of the consumers
in the eu member states.
Job opportunities, they tend to improve as the trade liberalization leads to the
expansion of the market, and the exchange of technology and investment across borders. The
political cooperation between the countries, it can also improve because of the economical,
more powerful, which provides an incentive for the resolution of conflicts in a peaceful
manner, leading to a better stability.
The costs of the integration of the economic equipment. In spite of the benefits of the
integration of the economic costs, and they fall into one of two categories:
- The diversion of the trade. I mean, the trade may be diverted to non-members,
even if it is adverse to the member states.
- The erosion of national sovereignty. The members of the union, the
economic're usually obliged to comply with the rules of trade, monetary policy, and fiscal
policy is set by a national policy on foreign neelectate. As economists and policy-makers
consider that economic integration leads to significant advantages, more and more institutions
are trying to measure the degree of economic integration of the countries and regions.
The methodology for the measurement of the economic integration typically involves
several economic indicators, including trade in goods and services, cross-border capital flows,
labor migration, and many others. Assessment of the integration of the economy, it also
includes measures of compliance, institutional, such as the trade-union membership and the
strength of the institutions that protect the rights of consumers and investors.
Real-life example of the economic integration of the European Union (EU) was set up
in 1993, and has included the 28 eu member states in 2019, and as of 2002, 19, of these
nations have adopted the euro as their common currency.
According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the european union has been
represented 16,04% of the gross domestic product in the world. The united Kingdom voted in
2016 to leave the EU at the end of the month of august, 2019, it has not been solved, no firm
agreement on the terms of departure-and a script that has been the best it has been for a
transitional period of time to prevent disruption of the severe delay the impact of the departure
by the end of 2020.20
20
Pelkmans Jacques - Integrare Europeana, Metode si Analiza Economica, IER, Bucuresti, 2003,p.193
14
, IN CHAPTER II, THE FOUR FREEDOMS OF THE SINGLE MARKET OF
THE EUROPEAN UNION
Figure 2.1.Issues introduction
The four freedoms-the basic law guaranteed, since 1986, and they claim that the
goods, services, capital and people can move without restrictions in the european union. Four
of the citizens of the EU, I believe that these four freedoms, I stand for the peace across the
continent as the most important achievement in european union. These freedoms are the most
important part of the european single market, in order to boost trade within the EU. 21
Approximately one-half the trade in goods within the EU is covered by legislation
harmonised, while the other half is accounted for by the "non-harmonised", which is regulated
by the national technical regulations, or is not dealt with in a special way.
In 2008, the european institutions have adopted the so-called package of the new
legislative framework (NLF), with the aim of the regulation on the top of the key points of the
single market for goods, such as:22
- improvement of market surveillance;
- the improvement of the quality of the assessment of the conformity of the
products, through the new clear picture of the requirements for the notification of conformity
assessment bodies;
- clarification of the meaning of the ce marking;
- the establishment of a common legal framework for industrial products in the
form of a box of tools to measure, for the use of the law in the future.
Despite the fact that some of the objectives of the NLF had been achieved, and it is
certainly not the case for the Surveillance of the market, of which the gaps are creating major
challenges for manufacturers of construction equipment. A new approach, which builds up the
NLF, is an innovative way of technical harmonisation. It introduces, among other things, a
clear division of responsibilities between the legislature of the EC and the european standard,
which allows for the free movement of goods.
Sută, N., Comerţ internaţional şi politici comerciale contemporane, Editura Eficient, Bucureşti, 2000,p.131
21
Vaubel, R, Monetary integration theory, în vol. Surveys în Economics, International Economics, Longman,
22
London & New York, 1988,p.192
15
