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unit 4 LAB applied science distinction level
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- PEARSON (PEARSON)
Laboratory Techniques and Their Applications
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Unit 4 Laboratory Techniques and Their Applications - LA B UnknownI work as a lab technician in a cosmetics company's research and development
department. Nail polish remover is one of the company's offerings. Ethyl ethanoate is
included in the nail polish remover. I'm looking into how to synthesise ethyl ethanoate
and how to evaluate its purity so that the firm can generate it effectively. I'll make an
ethyl ethanoate sample and evaluate its purity. I'll have to compare my laboratory
approach to the cosmetics company's industrial procedure for producing ethyl ethanoate
on a huge scale.
Intro
Distillation separates mixture components, whereas reflux aids in the completion of a
process. Reflux is the process of heating a reaction mixture to the boiling point of the
reaction solvent and then using a condenser to condense the vapour back into the
reaction flask.This provides for a longer response time, allowing the reaction to finish.
How to Reflux
It is a method of heating organic molecules for a long period while reducing the amount
of chemicals lost to the environment. In a flask equipped with a reflux condenser, heat
the reaction mixture.It is utilised in laboratory and industrial distillations. In chemistry, it
is also utilised to provide energy to processes over a lengthy period of time.
In industrial distillation, the better the separation of lower boiling materials from higher
boiling materials, the more reflux delivered for a given number of theoretical plates.
Distillation
The process of converting a liquid into vapour, which is then condensed back into liquid
form.In industry, the process is frequently used, for example, in the production and
purification of nitrogen, oxygen, and rare gases. (“Distillation”)
Distillation in a lab is a procedure for separating and purifying liquids based on their
volatile properties, which are defined by boiling point differences.
Part B.P3
Reflux/fractional distillation in industry
Reflux is used in large-scale distillation columns, also known as feed tanks, found in the
processing of natural gas and petroleum.The distillation column's efficiency is increased
by the downflowing reflux liquid, which cools and condenses the upflowing vapours
inside the column.More reflux is supplied for a certain number of distillation plates the
more effectively the column separates lower boiling from higher boiling substances. For a
specific objective separation, however, fewer distillation plates are required the more
reflux is delivered. Part B.P3
This image shows Reflux distillation in a factory (“[Hot Item] Reflux Distilling Column
Fractional Distillation Small Scale Butanol”)
, Unit 4 Laboratory Techniques and Their Applications - LA B Unknown
Reflux/fractional distillation in laboratory
This image shows laboratory distillation set up (“Reflux”)
A fractionating column is put into the top of the round-bottomed flask, which contains
the liquid feed mixture to be distilled as well as a few anti-bumping grains. Vapour
moves up the column when the mixture heats up and boils (“Reflux”). Some of the
vapour cools and condenses on the glass platform (also known as plates of trays ) inside
the column, recirculating the upflowing distillate vapour into the liquid below (“Reflux”).
The warmest tray is located at the bottom of the column, while the cooler tray is located
at the top. The vapour and fluid on each tray are in equilibrium under steady-state
circumstances. Those most volatile vapours remain gaseous until they reach the top. The
vapour at the top of the column is then condensed into a fluid in the water-cooled
condenser. Unless all of the liquid feed’s most volatile components have boiled away
repeatedly. Part B.P3 Awarded
What is ethyl ethanoate?
Nail polish remover is the most common use of ethyl ethanoate. The organic solvent
used to remove nail polish is called nail varnish remover. It's also effective at removing
false nails, acrylic nails, and gel nails.It is mostly composed of acetone, a ketone that
may be rather harsh on the skin. Because it is colourless, it is generally blended with
colouring, perfumes, and oils to make it less toxic to the nails and skin, as well as to
make it more visually acceptable to clients.The boiling point is 77.1g. It also contains
additional ingredients like Aloe Vera, Glycerine, and Cetyl Acetate, which all aid in the
growth and development of nails. The acetone in the solvent is often what causes the
nail polish to break down.Because of its fruity aroma and the fact that it is an ester,
ethyl acetate is also used to make nail varnish remover. Because it's most typically
employed as a plastic solvent in fragrances and flavourings, removing nail polish takes a
long time. This is owing to its versatility as a diluent and solvent, as well as its
inexpensive cost and low toxicity, making it less hazardous while also having a pleasant
odour.
Risk assessment table
Hazard Risk Precaution Risk level
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