P6: Explain appropriate methods of prevention/ control for a named communicable and non-communicable disease. (CHD and Meningitis).
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P6: Explain appropriate methods of prevention/ control for a named communicable and non-
communicable disease.
Non-communicable disease – Coronary heart disease (CHD)
A non-communicable disease can also be referred to as a chronic disease and are not transferred
through direct or indirect contact. A non-communicable disease is not caused by an infection.
Coronary heart disease, or ischemic heart disease, is the terminology used to define what takes
place when the blood supply of the heart is interrupted or blocked through the accumulation of fat
within the coronary arteries. A process called atherosclerosis occurs over a period of time which is
when the walls of the arteries are furred up with atheroma (fatty build-ups). The process of
atherosclerosis can be instigated through conditions and lifestyle choices such as:
Diabetes.
High cholesterol.
Hypertension.
Smoking.
The risk of coronary heart disease can be reduced through uncomplicated lifestyle changed such as:
Becoming physically active or remaining physically active.
Governing sugar and blood cholesterol levels.
Start to consume a healthy and balanced diet, or remain consuming a balanced and healthy diet.
Discontinue smoking.
Many coronary heart disease risks can be controlled and prevented through the implementation of
medications and healthier lifestyle choices. Risks that can be controlled for example, are:
High blood pressure (BP).
High blood cholesterol.
Obesity or overweightness.
Some risks cannot be controlled such as:
Gender.
Family history.
Age.
Occasionally medications may be required when lifestyle changes are not sufficient enough. For
example, if lifestyle changes were unsuccessful in the governing of blood cholesterol levels, statin
medications may be required to do so instead. The reduction of the blood cholesterol will decrease
the risk of a stroke or heart attack. Medical professionals may discuss the commencement of statin
treatment to individuals who have high risk of stroke or developing heart disease. Statins are often
prescribed to individuals who have:
Diabetes.
High LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels.
Previous stroke.
Coronary heart disease.
Peripheral artery disease.
The medical professional may prescribe medications in order to:
Lower the BP.
Decrease the risk of sudden death.
Decrease the risk of heart attack.
Relieve coronary heart disease.
Alleviate tension on the heart.
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