definition of religion>>> commonly divided into 2 types: substantive and functional
*often, religions combine the two approaches
substantive religion>>> attends to its substance, nature, essence; focus on the CONTENT or religious belief in God or the supernatural
Problem with...
AQA Biology paper 1
aerobic respiration>>> an exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down using oxygen to
produce carbon dioxide and water and release energy for the cells
anaerobic respiration>>> an exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down in the absence
of oxygen to produce lactic acid in animals and ethanol and carbon dioxide in plants and yeast. A
small amount of energy is transferred for the cells
exothermic reaction>>> a reaction that transfers energy to the environment
glycogen>>> carbohydrate store in animals
lactic acid>>> the end product of anaerobic respiration in animal cells
oxygen debt>>> the extra oxygen that must be taken into the body after exercise has stopped to
complete the aerobic respiration of lactic acid
Mitochondria>>> Organelle that is the site of respiration
Responses to exercise>>> Heart rate increases, Breathing rate increases, glycogen in muscles is
converted to glucose
endothermic reaction>>> a reaction that requires a transfer of energy from the environment
glucose>>> a simple sugar
limiting factors>>> limit the rate of a reaction, for example photosynthesis
photosynthesis>>> the process by which plants make food using carbon dioxide, water, and light
Reactants for photosynthesis>>> water and carbon dioxide
Products of photosynthesis>>> glucose and oxygen
Chloroplast>>> Site of photosynthesis
white blood cells>>> Blood cells that perform the function of destroying disease-causing
microorganisms
Sperm cells>>> It has a long tail and a streamlined head to help it swim. There are a lot of
mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed. It also carries enzymes in its head to
digest through the egg cell membrane.
light>>> energy source for photosynthesis
, aorta>>> the artery that leaves the heart from the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to
the body
arteries>>> blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They usually carry oxygenated
blood and have a pulse
atria>>> the upper chambers of the heart
capillaries>>> the smallest blood vessels. They run between individual cells and have a wall that
is only one cell thick
coronary arteries>>> the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
double circulatory system>>> the circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs is separate
from the circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body
epidermal>>> the name given to cells that make up the epidermis or outer layer of an organism
guard cells>>> surround the stomata in the leaves of plants and control their opening and closing
haemoglobin>>> the red pigment that carries oxygen around the body in the red blood cells
palisade mesophyll>>> the upper layer of the mesophyll tissue in plant leaves made up of closely
packed cells that contain many chloroplasts for photosynthesis
phloem>>> the living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food (sugars) around the
plant
plasma>>> the clear yellow-liquid part of the blood that carries dissolved substances and blood
cells around the body
platelets>>> fragments of cells in the blood that play a vital role in the clotting mechanism of the
blood
pulmonary artery>>> the large blood vessel that takes deoxygenated blood from the right
ventricle of the heart to the lungs
pulmonary vein>>> the large blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to
the left atrium of the heart
red blood cells>>> biconcave cells that contain the red pigment haemoglobin and carry oxygen
around the body in the blood
spongy mesophyll>>> the lower layer of mesophyll tissue in plant leaves that contains some
chloroplasts and many large air spaces to give a big surface area for the exchange of gases
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