Chapter 3: The Birth of Philosophy
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. How did early philosophers attempt to explain the world?
a.
By using natural rather than supernatural ideas
b.
By creating stories based on their religious beliefs
c.
By using higher mathematics
d.
By using introspection and relat...
1. Which of the following is believed to be the oldest examples of human writing?
a. Prehistoric etchings on fragments of stone tablets
b. 8,800 year-old markings on tortoise shells from China
c. 30,000 year-old cave paintings in France
d. Meso-American calendars from 500 BCE
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: History and Prehistory
2. What are the primary source materials for historians?
a. records and documents
b. traditions passed from person to person
c. anything produced by people
d. human artifacts
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: History and Prehistory
3. How long have human-like species existed?
a. 6,000 years c. 1,000,000 years
b. 100,000 years d. 4,000,000 years
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: History and Prehistory
4. Which of the following terms refers to the spirit of a place?
a. ortgeist c. deogeist
b. zenergeist d. übergeist
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: History and Prehistory
5. Thomas is tired of hearing his grandparents talk about how things were when they were his age. He
listens about how they were expected to work to contribute to the family and were happy to do so, how
they were happy to have enough to eat and didn’t expect to eat out regularly, etc. Thomas explains to
his grandparents that things are different now, so his feelings are different from theirs. What term
would historians be most likely to use for how it feels to live in a particular time and place?
a. epoch c. pathos
b. zeitgeist d. paradigm
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: History and Prehistory
6. Which term is used to refer to the time period during which humans existed but left no written
records?
a. Mesozoic Era c. oral culture
b. Neanderthal period d. prehistory
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, ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: History and Prehistory
7. Early theories of developmental psychology often treated women as though they were somehow “less”
than men. Consistent with changes in culture as a whole, today’s theories recognize differences
between men and women, but do not assume one sex is superior or more complete than the other.
Which of the following would historians of psychology be most likely to say has changed?
a. zeitgeist c. theoretical practices
b. belief systems d. rationality
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: History and Prehistory
8. Bruno’s professor requires a paper on an eminent psychologist. Which of the following best describes
the characteristics Bruno should look for in deciding whether an individual is eminent?
a. The person’s skills, ability and status
b. The amount of controversy the person creates
c. Whether the general public views the person as trustworthy
d. The person’s influence on popular culture
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Persons in History
9. Which statement is true of the study of history and historians?
a. History is a recounting of past events.
b. Historians decide who to include and who to exclude from history.
c. Historians prefer artifacts to written documents.
d. History is largely bias-free.
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: Persons in History
10. Which statement is true of the study of history, as approached by considering the lives of eminent
people?
a. It provides a thorough and comprehensive history of an era.
b. It is uncommon for historians to know who was eminent in the past, so it is difficult to do.
c. It is largely impossible due to changes in zeitgeist.
d. It will be incomplete unless the lives of individuals who are not eminent are also
considered.
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: Persons in History
11. Which statement best describes the study of ideas in the history of psychology?
a. By reviewing written records and publications, we can conclusively determine who
originated specific theories such as ideas about the unconscious.
b. The study of ideas is the focus of psychology and hence central to the history of
psychology.
2
, c. The study of ideas is very abstract and thus has received relatively little attention by
historians.
d. Ideas are not all that useful because they cannot be verified and have little impact on
psychology as a science.
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: Ideas in History
12. Which statement describes the importance of trends in studying and understanding the history of
psychology?
a. Studying trends in psychology is almost impossible because there is so much variety in
approaches to psychology.
b. Trends are a characteristic of popular culture and of no particular use in the study of any
science, including psychology.
c. Trends allow historians to group similar events and ideas, making understanding the
history of psychology easier.
d. Although there were clearly definable trends early in the history of psychology, this is no
longer the case; therefore, trends are no longer studied.
ANS: C DIF: Conceptual REF: Trends in History
13. Rick believes that the present is the only possible outcome of the past, meaning that today is an
inevitable outcome of what has happened before. Which of the following terms most closely fits Rick’s
views?
a. presentism c. dynamicism
b. relativism d. systematics
ANS: A DIF: Conceptual REF: Presentism
14. Which statement best describes the role of morality in the study of the history of psychology?
a. Morality has no role in the study of history.
b. Understanding the morality of a particular time is important in order in understanding
what happened during that period.
c. Despite numerous cultural changes, beliefs about morality have remained remarkably
constant over history.
d. Science and morality are unrelated; thus, morality should be treated as distinct from the
history of science in general.
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: Presentism
15. Which statement is true regarding the study of history?
a. Although sometimes interesting, history is, after all, the story of the past and of little
importance today.
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