Multiple Choice
1. Events following the death of Aristotle created a situation in which people sought:
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:
2. The main target of skepticism was dogmatism. A dogmatist is anyone who:
ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:
d
conceptual After Aristotle
d
factu...
1. Historiography is:
a. another term for psychology
b. the study of the proper way to write history
c. the use of photographs in presenting history
d. another term for historicism
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: factual
REFERENCES: Problems in Writing a History of Psychology
2. Presentism maintains that:
a. the present state of a discipline is the most important
b. to truly understand something you must be present to observe it
c. it is important to understand the past in terms of contemporary knowledge and standards
d. history should be studied for its own sake without regard for how historical events relate to present events
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: factual
REFERENCES: Problems in Writing a History of Psychology
3. Historicism refers to the belief that:
a. the present state of a discipline should act as a guide in writing that discipline's history
b. the present state of a discipline represents its highest and best state of development
c. only the past is important
d. the past should be studied for its own sake without attempting to show the relationship between past and
present
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: conceptual
REFERENCES: Problems in Writing a History of Psychology
4. Zeitgeist means:
a. the spirit of the times
b. about the same thing as presentism
c. that the history of anything must be selective
d. about the same thing as historicism
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: factual
REFERENCES: Problems in Writing a History of Psychology
5. What is the approach to studying the history of psychology that involves showing how various individuals or events
contributed to changes in an idea throughout the years?
a. great-person approach
b. Zeitgeist
c. historical development approach
d. historicism
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: factual
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,REFERENCES: Problems in Writing a History of Psychology
6. The approach to writing a history of psychology that takes the best from a variety of viewpoints is referred to as:
a. presentism
b. the eclectic approach
c. historicism
d. the Zeitgeist approach
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: factual
REFERENCES: Problems in Writing a History of Psychology
7. According to the text, why is it important to study the history of psychology?
a. For a deeper understanding of concepts and ideas, to recognize fads, and to avoid the repetition of mistakes
b. For a deeper understanding of concepts and ideas, to recognize fads, and to come to a consensus on a
prevailing theoretical approach
c. To avoid repetition of mistakes, for a deeper understanding of concepts and ideas, and to come to a consensus
on a prevailing theoretical approach
d. To come to a consensus on a prevailing theoretical approach, to recognize fads, and to avoid the repetition of
mistakes
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: conceptual
REFERENCES: Why Study the History of Psychology?
8. Science has two major components:
a. empirical observation and law
b. empirical observation and theory
c. rationalism and empiricism
d. correlational laws and causal laws
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: conceptual
REFERENCES: What is Science?
9. Which two methods of attaining knowledge are combined in science?
a. intuition and rationalism
b. rationalism and empiricism
c. introspection and controlled observation
d. empiricism and faith
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: factual
REFERENCES: What is Science
10. A consistently observed relationship between two or more classes of empirical events defines a:
a. scientific theory
b. scientific law
c. scientific problem
d. rational deduction
ANSWER: b
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, DIFFICULTY: factual
REFERENCES: What is Science?
11. What best describes how classes of events vary together in some systematic way?
a. Scientific theories
b. Scientific laws
c. Causal laws
d. Correlational laws
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: factual
REFERENCES: What is Science?
12. The prediction and control of events can best be accomplished using:
a. scientific law
b. a group of interrelated scientific laws
c. correlational propositions
d. causal laws
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: applied
REFERENCES: What is Science?
13. The ____ assumes that everything that occurs is a function of a finite number of causes.
a. determinist
b. rationalist
c. empiricist
d. realist
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: applied
REFERENCES: What is Science?
14. Popper disagreed with the traditional view that scientific activity starts with:
a. a problem
b. empirical observation
c. logical deduction
d. a theory
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: conceptual
REFERENCES: Revisions in the Traditional View of Science
15. Popper saw the scientific method as involving three stages:
a. problem, theories, and criticism
b. objective analysis, theories, and criticism
c. observation, problem, and criticism
d. problem, theories, and postdiction
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: conceptual
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