Lecture notes
critical care nursing
- Module
- Nursing adult
- Institution
- University Of Winchester (UoW)
conditions you will encounter in critical care and a brief overview of each for pre-placement or exam revision
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NURSING NOTEScritical care nursing overview
Stroke seizures
· Several conditions and factors can · Tonic-clonic seizures include both tonic and
contribute to a person's stroke risk, including clonic symptoms, myoclonic seizures are
alcohol use disorder, high blood pressure, short-lived and do not affect consciousness,
high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, smoking, absence seizures last for only a few seconds,
and drug misuse. and atonic seizures are brief, lasting about
15 seconds.
· Ischemic stroke is the most common type of
brain stroke and contributes to 80% of brain · A sudden feeling of fear or anxiety,
strokes. Haemorrhagic stroke contributes to dizziness, jerky movement of the arms and
20% of brain strokes and can be due to legs, a headache, deja vu, losing
Intracerebral haemorrhage or Subarachnoid consciousness, followed by confusion, may
haemorrhage. occur.
· Seizures are changes in the brain's
electrical activity that can cause dramatic,
noticeable symptoms or no symptoms at all.
· Focal onset seizures occur in only one area
of the brain and can be split into two types:
focal aware seizures and focal awareness-
impaired seizures. Focal-aware seizures may
be singular events but can also develop into
other types of seizures.
· Focal impaired-awareness seizures can last
for up to 2 minutes and affect a larger
portion of the brain.
, Heart Failure Asthma Overview
· Heart failure develops when your heart · Asthma is a long-term disease of the lungs
muscles are either too weak or not elastic that makes it hard to breathe.
enough to pump blood properly. It can
· No one knows what causes asthma, but
develop quickly after a heart attack or other
when airways come into contact with a
conditions that damage your heart.
trigger, they become inflamed.
· Left-sided heart failure is more common
· When you have an asthma attack, your
than right-sided heart failure and is caused
by dysfunction of your left ventricle. It can airways narrow and it gets hard to breathe.
cause breathing symptoms, such as This can be caused by inflammation, spasms
of the muscles around the airways, or high
palpitations, chest discomfort, shortness of
breath, and fluid retention. amounts of mucus inside them.
· Asthma triggers include allergies, exercise,
· Right-sided heart failure most often
heartburn, smoking, sinusitis, medications,
develops from left-sided heart failure due to
a backup of blood around your lungs. weather smoke, and severe wheezing when
breathing both in and out.
· Right-sided heart failure can lead to fluid
· Mild symptoms less than twice a week, few
retention and swelling in the legs, genitals,
and abdomen. asthma attacks, few peak flow meters
needed, frequent use of quick-relief inhalers.
· Men tend to develop heart failure at a
· Coughing often, less energy, fast or shallow
younger age than women, and lifestyle
factors, such as excessive alcohol breathing, saying their chest hurts or feels
tight, and shortness of breath are all
consumption, drug misuse, smoking, and a
poor diet, increase your risk. symptoms of asthma.
· Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction,
allergic asthma, nonallergic asthma,
occupational asthma, nocturnal asthma,
aspirin-induced asthma, and cough-variant
asthma are all types of asthma. They can all
affect people who don't have asthma, too.
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