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Our Society Human Diversity in Canada 4th Edition by Paul U. Angelini - Test Bank

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, CHAPTER 1
Regionalism in Canada: The Forgotten Diversity
Paul U. Angelini

CHAPTER SUMMARY

Understanding regionalism is vital to understanding life in Canada. Regionalism is a form of
diversity because Canada is a country comprised of many regions where the inhabitants of each
region regard themselves as different from those in other regions. After all, regions are made up
of people and people make regions.

Provinces are the appropriate tools to examine regionalism because provinces speak with a single
voice, command the loyalty of their populations and possess the political tolls to create a shared
regional identity.

There are many explanations for the existence of regionalism. Four of the most popular are the
natural resources approach, market approaches, interventionist approaches and Marxist
approaches. They are mutually exclusive explanations. More than one cannot be used to explain
the existence of regional differences and their affect on Canadian life.

There are many factors that intensify regional differences. Two of the most important are
federalism and our electoral system, the single-member plurality system. Federalism is important
because senior decision makers frequently support the interests of some regions at the expense of
others. Similarly, the single-member plurality system is based on the principle of representation
by population. Consequently, the provinces with the most people—Ontario and Quebec—will
determine the outcome of federal elections. Governments, therefore, will always cater to their
interests first.

The federal government, however, does have an interest in the wellbeing of the entire country.
Paradoxically, the federal government has made decisions and implemented policies that have
both intensified regional differences (see the case of Western Canada), and attempted to
ameliorate these same differences. The three most common tools used to lessen regional
differences are reducing physical distances, spending money, and promoting understanding
between Canadians.

Finally, whatever actions and policies are adopted by the federal government, there is always an
important sociopsychological component to regionalism that government and Canadians ignore
at their own peril. The most visible example of this is the contempt shared by most Canadians
with regard to Central Canada and Metropolitan Toronto. While this contempt brings some
Canadians together, it drives others apart.

,Chapter 1 Regionalism in Canada: The Forgotten Diversity

TEST BANK QUESTIONS

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with regional analysis?
a. There is no consensus on regional definition
b. Provinces are often confused with regions
c. Some people consider it inappropriate to study Canadian residents by region
d. Most people believe that regions are nonexistent

ANS: D
REF: p. 5

2. A number of theoretical approaches are used to explain the causes of regionalism. Which of
the following is NOT one of the main theoretical approaches?
a. natural resources approach
b. state approach
c. interventionist approach
d. Marxist approach

ANS: B
REF: pp. 8-11

3. Which two factors intensify regionalism?
a. imperialism and CBC
b. imperialism and the Commonwealth
c. federalism and colonialism
d. federalism and the electoral system

ANS: D
REF: pp. 12-15

4. Which was NOT an attempt by the federal government to reduce regional differences?
a. CPR
b. TCA
c. FIRA
d. transfer payments

ANS: C
REF: pp. 26-29

, 5. How many Royal Commissions has the federal government initiated since 1867?
a. 300
b. 400
c. 500
d. 600

ANS: B
REF: p. 29

6. What is Canada’s electoral system called?
a. absolute majority
b. multi-member constituency
c. single member plurality
d. proportional representation

ANS: C
REF: p. 14

7. How many regions are there in Canada?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 7
d. 13

ANS: A
REF: p. 8

8. Where is the Golden Horseshoe area of Ontario?
a. between Kitchener and St. Catharines
b. between Oshawa and Niagara Falls
c. between Pickering and Peterborough
d. between London and St. Catharines

ANS: B
REF: p. 6

9. Which theoretical approach asserts that some regions have prospered at the expense of
others?
a. Marxist
b. free enterprise
c. market
d. interventionist

ANS: D
REF: p. 10

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