Early Childhood Education Theorists,
DCF 40 Hours Child Care (HSAN) Health,
Safety, and Nutrition (2019), DCF
Certification Test - Rules and
Regulations for Facilities questions and
answers
Albert Bandura
(Social Learning Theory) - answer •Vicarious vs. Enactive
(learning by watching vs. learning by doing)
•Four Elements of Observational Learning:
1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Production
4. Motivation & Reinforcement
•Four Sources of Self-Efficacy Appraisals:
1. Actual Performance
2. Vicarious Performance
3. Verbal Persuasion
4. Physiological Cues
Appetite - answer A desire to eat.
Benjamin Bloom
(Cognitive Theory) - answer •Blooms Taxonomy
•"Taxonomy of Educational Objectives"
For children from birth through 1, there must be one staff for every _ children - answer 4
Urie Bronfenbrenner
(Ecological Systems Theory) - answer •Views child as developing within a system of
relationships. Each system influences & is influenced by each other:
•Microsystem
•Exosystem
•Macrosystem
•Chronosystem
Isolation Area - answer A designated area for a child who becomes ill at the facility, which must
be away from the other, healthy children.
Jerome Bruner
(Learning Theory/Constructivist Theory) - answer •Discovery Model of Teaching
•Learners "construct" new ideas fro concepts & ideas they experience within a context. The
information is then transformed & incorporated into a schema for application & future decision
making.
•Major Aspects:
--predisposition toward learning
--structure of knowledge for learner access
--sequencing of knowledge presentation
--nature of rewards & punishments
,•Qualitative vs. Quantitative Learning
For children 1 through 2, there must be one staff for every _ children - answer 6
John Comenius - answer •Wrote "Orbis Pictus" (first picture book for kids)
•Thought early experiences formed what a child would be like.
•Suggested education should occur through the senses
Safety Hazards - answer Things in the environment that can be identified as dangerous to one's
health and welfare.
John Dewey
(Philosophy of Pragmatism/Instrumentalism, Functional Psychology, Democratic Education) -
answer •Education must engage with & enlarge personal individual experience. There must be a
balance between delivering knowledge & accounting for individual interests & backgrounds.
•Learning is based on interaction & environmental contexts; ideas are tools for
experimentation.
•Education is a cornerstone for democracy; instrument for social change & reform
•All individuals are entitled to a quality education in order to "share a common life"
•Universal education involves "abandoning habits", thinking creatively, realizing one's skills, &
using those skills for the greater good.
For children 2 through 3, there must be one staff for every _ children - answer 11
Erik Erikson
(Psychosocial Theory of Development) - answer •8 Stages of Life:
--Trust vs. Mistrust
--Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
--Initiative vs. Guilt
, --Industry vs. Inferiority
--Identity vs. Role Confusion
--Intimacy vs. Isolation
--Generativity vs. Stagnation
--Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Communicable Disease - answer Disease that can be spread from one person to another.
For children 3 through 4, there must be one staff for every _ children - answer 15
Sigmund Freud
(Psychoanalysis; Psychosexual Stages of Development) - answer •Believed that personality was
strongly influenced by the ways in which children learn to expend what he called sexual energy
from 1 stage to the next
•Oral Stage (0-1 Years)
•Anal Stage (1-3 years)
•Phallic Stage (3-5 years)
•Latency Stage (5-11 years)
•Genital Stage (11+ years)
Friedrich Froebel
(Modern Day Kindergarten) - answer •Referred to as the "Father of Kindergarten"
•First educator to develop a planned, systematic program for educating young children
•Emphasized the role of mothers in the young child's development
•Emphasized the benefits of childhood play
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