6. Transcription factors (TFs): A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affectstranscription of
specific genes. Can wither activate or repress expression of genes
7. Termination of transcription: RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence(Stop codon) and
detaches from the template
8. Translation: Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced.Protein assembly
9. Translation takes place in the: cytoplasm
10. Codon: A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of DNA or RNA thatprovides genetic
code information for a amino acid
11. Amino acids are: building blocks of proteins
12. tRNA: An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acidand protein
language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
13. Codons allow: for DNA and RNA to communicate
14. Gene Regulation: the process of turning genes on and off
15. Gene Regulation occurs: during transcription
16. Transcription factors (TFs) determine: amount of protein product made
17. Nucleotide: DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogenous base
18. Mutation: permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence that affects geneticinformation
, 19. germline mutation: happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all cells
20. somatic mutation: A mutation that occurs in the body cells from spontaneousdevelopment.
Cannot be inherited. Acquired
21. causes of mutations: • Incorrect copying of the DNA sequence/Environmental
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
22. silent mutation: alters a base but does not change the amino acid
23. DNA is: master blueprint for human being
24. Gene: the basic unit of inheritance
25. DNA makes: proteins
26. Chromosomes: threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain thegenes
27. 23 pairs of: chromosomes
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