To What Extent Did Economic Factors Determine The Development of
German Nationalism From 1789 to 1919?
Economics and Creation of The German Empire
Creation of the Zollverein- first sign of unity 1832/ challenged Austrian
leadership/ helped fund wars (Prussia)
1811- Krupp steel- military unity up until 1918
Acquiring of the Rhine land- 1815
Keynes- “coal and iron over blood and iron”
How Prussian military leaders used economic unity for war
Economic unity does not lead to political unity- has to be used correctly
Zollverien was renewable until Bismarck made it permanent- Austria
could challenge it until this
Zollverien did not mean political or military alliances
Took two wars and Bismarck’s political genius to unify Germany
politically
Popularity With Nationalism
Industrialisation and how it helped nationalism grow- boosted middle
class- boost to nationalism
Economic success became a national pride
Growth of socialism before and after unification- polarisation (1870s SPD
grew)
Nationalism only grew due to war- WW1 outbreak/ Franco-Prussian War/
Rhine Crisis (1840)
Nationalism seen grew out of hand- Sorcerers apprentice (Lother Gall)
Economics lead to nationalism becoming more right wing- link wealthy
industrialists to nationalists pressure groups (Pan German Navy League)
- social Darwinism
Many middle class saw social Darwinism as a reason to be anti-socialist
Could argue that industrialisation was the cause of war (WW1)
Right wing nationalism- nasty nationalism Bismarck
Bismarck’s attack on Kulturekampf- attack on Catholics and socialists
Tariff act- 1879- Bismarck’s legacy
Bismarck’s constitution
Bismarck unified Germany by war
With this essay, we could replace economic factors with almost anything
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