1.A patient with acute diarrhea of 24 hours' duration calls the clinic to ask
for directions for care. In talking with the patient, what should the nurse
do?
a. Ask the patient to describe the character of the stools and any
associated symptoms.
b. Advise the patient to use over-the-counter loperamide (Imodium) to
slow gastrointestinal motility.
c. Inform the patient that laboratory testing of blood and stool specimens
will be necessary.
d. Advise the patient to drink clear liquid fluids with electrolytes, such
as Gatorade or Pedialyte.: *ANS: A*
The nurse's initial response should be further assessment of the
patient. The other responses may be appropriate, depending on what is
learned in the assessment.
2.A 78-year-old patient is transferred to the hospital from a nursing home
on developing abdominal pain and watery, incontinent diarrhea following
a course of antibiotic therapy for pneumonia. Stool cultures reveal the
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,pres- ence of Clostridium difficile. In planning care for the patient, the
nurse will do which of the following?
a. Order a diet with no dairy products for the patient.
b. Place the patient in a private room with contact isolation.
c. Explain to the patient why antibiotics are not being used.
d. Teach the patient about proper food handling and storage.: *ANS: B*
Because C. difficile is highly contagious, the patient should be placed
in a private room and contact precautions should be used.
3.Psyllium (Metamucil) is prescribed for a patient with chronic
constipation. In teaching the patient about chronic constipation, what
should the nurse stress?
a. The use of bulk-forming laxatives is safe, and they do not cause
any adverse effects.
b. At least 3000 mL of fluid daily must be taken to prevent impaction or
bowel obstruction.
c. Dietary sources of fibre should be eliminated from the diet to
prevent excessive gas formation.
d. Supplemental fat-soluble vitamins must be taken because the
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, medication blocks absorption of these vitamins.: *ANS: B*
A high fluid intake is needed to prevent hardened stools leading to
impaction or
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