,Chapter 1: The Phenomenon of Leadership: Classic/Historical and Contemporary Leadership
Theories
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which leadership theory stresses the significance of the environment or circumstance, notes that the
leader emerges but is not necessarily chosen, and gives little recognition to followers?
1. Trait theory
2. Modern theory
3. Situational theory
4. Great man theory
____ 2. A new nurse manager on the surgical unit is organizing a team. Which team member will be most
beneficial to achieve a high level of creativity?
1. A scrub nurse
2. A medical nurse
3. A surgical nurse
4. A circulating nurse
____ 3. A nurse manager is using idealized influence to motivate staff. Which technique is the nurse
manager using?
1. Increasing the staff’s confidence and trust
2. Teaching the staff to be goal-oriented and responsible
3. Encouraging creativity and new approaches to problems
4. Assisting staff to continue working hard and self-actualize
____ 4. A nurse is using the “4-D” cycle of appreciative inquiry. Which “D” should the nurse use?
1. Daring
2. Design
3. Decisive
4. Determined
____ 5. Which major factors in health care are creating the need for new leaders?
1. Chaos, uncertainty, unpredictability, and constant change
2. Health-care reform, politics, violence, and surplus resources
3. Inferior technology, mergers, acquisitions, and one’s legal scope of practice
4. Too many workers, not enough work, unprepared employees, and technology
____ 6. In the humanbecoming leading-following model proposed by Parse (2009), what are the three major
components?
1. Goals, followers, and resources
2. Strategy, goals, and outcome evaluation
3. Vision, willingness to risk, and reverence for others
4. Trust, hierarchical power, and nonjudgmental attitude
,____ 7. A theory of leadership proposed by Heifetz (2009) focuses on which component?
1. The extent to which leaders disturb the equilibrium
2. The extent to which leaders and followers are friends
3. The extent to which leaders’ traits and personalities are emphasized
4. The extent to which leaders can recruit followers to embrace their vision
____ 8. A nurse thinks that a turning schedule will be beneficial for a patient to prevent pressure ulcers.
Before implementing the turning schedule, the nurse considers using a special mattress. Which
technique did the nurse use?
1. Self-awareness
2. Relational transparency
3. Internalized moral perspective
4. Balanced information processing
____ 9. A nurse identifies a leader as one who is above average height and weight, has superior judgment, is
decisive, and has self-confidence. Which theory did this nurse use to identify a leader?
1. Trait theory
2. Situational theory
3. Great man theory
4. Contemporary leadership theory
____ 10. According to Max Mckeown, what does innovation + strategy about shaping the future equal?
1. Leadership
2. Adaptability
3. Positive turbulence
4. Disturbing equilibrium
____ 11. A nurse is working in an agency that focuses on the six freedoms. In which type of environment is
the nurse working?
1. Social model
2. Complexity theory
3. Appreciative inquiry
4. Eastern vs. Western leadership
____ 12. Which population group ranked higher on empowering?
1. Anglo leaders
2. European leaders
3. Middle Eastern leaders
4. Southeast Asian leaders
____ 13. According to The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, which category of nurses
should be prepared to lead?
1. All
2. Some
3. None
, 4. Just a few
____ 14. In Phase IV of the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN), which degree should nurses
obtain?
1. Vocational
2. Associate’s
3. Bachelor’s
4. Diploma
____ 15. Which important aspect of leadership is often overlooked?
1. Leaving early
2. Having alone time
3. Working with a team
4. Taking vacations with family
____ 16. A nurse on a busy unit goes to the park after work and thinks about the day at work before returning
home. Which authentic leadership trait did the nurse display?
1. Integrity
2. Self-reflection
3. Relational transparency
4. Internalized moral perspective
____ 17. Which is necessary for a leader to be successful in health care’s volatile environment?
1. Being stagnate
2. Being inflexible
3. Enjoying the present
4. Always compromising
____ 18. Which nurse has an innovative leadership characteristic?
1. A nurse with a personal vision
2. A nurse with faith in the physicians
3. A nurse with a strong profit/cost focus
4. A nurse with fierce loyalty to the organization
____ 19. A nurse manager uses an assessment tool to identify eight practices, such as sensing and envisioning,
and uses observations to identify personality characteristics to identify new nurses for leadership
positions. Which two theories did the nurse manager blend?
1. Complexity theory and situational theory
2. Innovative leadership theory and trait theory
3. Appreciative inquiry theory and great man theory
4. Transformational leadership theory and ethical leadership theory
____ 20. Which information from a nurse indicates a correct understanding of leadership theories?
1. Successful leadership is authority.
2. There is a clear definition of leadership.
3. Leadership is multidimensional and multifaceted.
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