, Chapter 1
Sport Psychology: Past, Present, and Future
Multiple Choice Items
1. Sport psychologists study all the following EXCEPT for:
a.motivation
b. violence
c.group dynamics
d. thoughts and feelings of athletes
e.Freudian theories (page 1 left)
Answer: e
2. focuses on psychological theories and interventions that can be used to
enhance performance, participation, and personal growth.
a.social psychology
b. bio-behavioral psychology
c.applied sport psychology (page 1 right)
d. developmental psychology
Answer: c
3. One general goal of sport psychology interventions is to:
a.investigate deep issues and past memories that shape the athlete’s personality
b. develop the ideal mental climate to allow athlete to perform best (page 1 right)
c.gain all information about physical abilities of athletes and apply it
d. confront the athlete about an issue in a group setting with teammates involved
Answer: b
4. Considered the grandfather of sport psychology in North America, this former University of
Illinois professor wrote two books, Psychology of Coaching (1926) and Psychology of
Athletes (1928):
a.Bruce Ogilvie
b. Ferruccio Antonelli
c.John Watson
d. Coleman Griffith (page 2 right)
, c.its failure to have any individuals doing applied work with teams
d. all of the above
Answer: a
6. considers person and environmental variables and their potential interaction.
a.Humanistic theory
b. Cognitive psychology
c.Interactionism paradigm (page 5 left)
d. Person-environmental relations
Answer: c
7. Exercise and health psychology deals with:
a.psychological effects of over-training
b. factors influencing exercise participation
c.injury and injury rehabilitation
d. all of the above (page 6 left)
Answer: d
8. All of the following occurred during the 1980’s era in sport psychology EXCEPT for:
a.formation of Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology (AASP)
b. formation of American Psychological Association (APA) Division 47
c.increased use of sport psychology within USOC
d. formation of International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP) (page 3 right)
Answer: d
9. Sport psychology in Eastern Europe gave a great deal of attention to:
a.promoting exercise behavior
b. enhancing elite athletes performance through applied research and direct
interventions (page 10 left)
c.optimistic therapy
d. all of the above
e.both a and b
Answer: b
10. The following are future needs or expectations for the field of sport psychology EXCEPT
for:
a.more inclusive and diverse research questions and methods
b. more career opportunities for individuals trained in sport psychology
c.more specialization in the training of future sport psychologists
d. re-examination of the standards set for ethical behavior in the field (pages 11-12)
11. Which era was known for making considerable progress regarding professional issues in
applied sport psychology?
a. 1960s
b. 1970s
c. 1980s
d. 1990s – 2000s (page 7 left)
Answer: d
True-False Items
12. The pioneering efforts of Coreman Griffith and Dorothy Yates failed to foster any
followers so no recognizable sport psychology discipline emerged in the 1930s and 1940s.
Answer: True 3 left
13. The scientific foundation of sport psychology emerged primarily during the last 75 years.
Answer: False 2 right
14. One of the purposes of the Association of Applied Sport Psychology is to promote applied
research in the areas of social, health, and performance enhancement psychology.
Answer: True 7 left
15. A primary goal of the 1970’s was to gain acceptance for the field of sport psychology by
advancing the knowledge base through experimental research.
Answer: True 5 left
16. A lot of opportunities existed in the 1990s for full-time consulting opportunities in sport
psychology, making full-time performance enhancement consulting a viable career field.
Answer: False 9 right
17. Part of the growth in exercise psychology within the academic community has occurred
because of growth in external grant opportunities.
Answer: True 10 left
18. Self-regulation training refers to voluntarily controlling such bodily functions as heart rate,
temperature, and muscle tension, as well as emotional reactions to stressful situations.
Answer: True 10 right
19. Applied sport psychology can be used by physical education teachers, fitness trainers, and
athletic trainers.
Answer: True 2 right
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