,CHAPTER 1 TEST BANK
Criminal Justice and Scientific Inquiry
TRUE/FALSE
1. We live in a world of two realities; agreement and experiential.
ANS: T REF: What Is This Book About?
2. Casual human inquiry is typically more rigorous are probabilistic methods.
ANS: F REF: Personal Human Inquiry
3. Personal human inquiry is prone to errors such as overgeneralization, inaccurate
observation, replication, and selective observation.
ANS: F REF: Personal Human Inquiry
4. Making observations in a more selective way helps to reduce error.
ANS: F REF: Errors in Personal Human
Inquiry
5. Selective observation is a danger of overgeneralization.
ANS: T REF: Errors in Personal Human
Inquiry
6. Each of us is born into and inherits a culture made up, in part, of firmly accepted
knowledge about the workings of the world.
ANS: T REF: Personal Human Inquiry
7. The idea that exceptions can be used to prove rules is valid.
ANS: F REF: Errors in Personal Human
Inquiry
8. We should accept research findings with caution even if they come from experts, because
results may be mistaken or misinterpreted.
ANS: T REF: Errors in Personal Human
Inquiry
5
,9. The four purposes of research are exploration, description, explanation, and application.
ANS: T REF: Purposes of Research
10. As you review the research literature, you should make note of how other researchers
approach problems of interest, and consider whether the same designs will meet your research
objective.
ANS: T REF: Reviewing the Literature
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Most criminal justice professionals routinely review ____ to get the most up-to-date and
accurate information.
a. computer readouts and news reports
b. archived and updated spreadsheets
c. performance reports and statistical tabulations
d. popular media sources
ANS: C REF: Introduction
2. One objective of this book is to help future criminal justice professionals become _____.
a. informed consumers of research
b. informed consumers of books
c. experts in the department of justice
d. expert readers
ANS: A REF: What Is This Book About?
3. We live in a world of two realities: _____.
a. expressed and assumed
b. experiential and agreement
c. expressed and agreement
d. experiential and assumed
ANS: B REF: What Is This Book About?
4. Things we know from direct experience are a direct result of ____ reality.
a. agreement
b. expressed
c. assumed
d. experiential
ANS: D REF: What Is This Book About?
6
, 5. Things we consider real because we’ve been told they are real reflect ____ reality.
a. agreement
b. expressed
c. assumed
d. experiential
ANS: A REF: What Is This Book About?
6. Traditional beliefs about patrol effectiveness, response time, and detective work are
examples of ____ reality.
a. known
b. agreement
c. experiential
d. assumed
ANS: B REF: What Is This Book About?
7. What type of research involves measurement and interpretation?
a. epistemological
b. logical
c. empirical
d. conceptual
ANS: C REF: What Is This Book About?
8. By accepting what everybody knows, we rely on ____.
a. tradition
b. myth
c. reality
d. logic
ANS: A REF: What Is This Book About?
9. When we trust the judgments of people who have special training, such as a doctor or a
lawyer, we relying on _____ as a way of knowing.
a. wisdom
b. expertise
c. authority
d. power
ANS: C REF: What Is This Book About?
10. If you make sure that what you are looking at is what you intended to look at, you can
avoid _____.
7
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