Lecture notes
Lecture: Selective Attention
- Module
- Cognitive Psychology
- Institution
- Aston University, Birmingham (Aston)
Lecture notes Selective attention for BSc Psychology
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L2- Selective attentionModels of selective attention- key questions
What triggers selection?
- Endo/exogenous factors
- Physical/semantic attributes
What happens to unattended stimuli?
- Early selection= they are NOT identified
- Late selection= they are identified
- Attenuation= they are partially processed
Auditory selective attention
Cocktail party effect
Dichotic listening
Shadowing
Dichotic listening
Shadowing= report message in the attended channel + ignore the other channel
Cherry (1953) findings
- Attended channel
o Easy to shadow- both perceptual aspects of
speech as the content of the message
reported
- Unattended channel
o No report of content
o No report of high-level attributes- changes
in language + reversal of message
o Report of low-level attributes- pitch
changes + gender of voice
Moray (1959)
Subjects failed to notice word repetitions in
unattended channel
This supports the early selection theory
What influences auditory selection?
Location
- Two messages in the same ear impairs shadowing
Non-spatial factors
- Pitch/intensity differences between channels
- Temporal delay between channels
, - Number of channels
Channel hopping
Occasionally- observers do detect repetitions in unattended messages
When messages switch between ears- observers tend to switch too
Conclusion- auditory attention
It is unlikely that observers always + completely process unattended messages
Unattended messages are processed at physical level their meaning is NOT accessed
Occasional directing of attention to rejected channel may cause sudden intrusions-
known as ‘attention slippage’
No conclusive evidence for late-selection theory
Visual selective attention
Flanker effects
Negative priming
The fate of unattended visual stimuli
Spontaneous memory of unattended stimuli
- Rock + Guttman (1981)- unattended stimuli are NOT spontaneously
memorised/noticed
Stroop effect- is the unattended word processed?
- Reduced interference when colours + words are separated
Flanker effect
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