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Lecture notes: Biopsychology - 2.2.2 Synaptic Transmission £7.16   Add to cart
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Lecture notes: Biopsychology - 2.2.2 Synaptic Transmission
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Detailed notes on Synaptic Transmission. Step by step process of Chemical Transmission. Provided key words and summaries that will help answer a range of questions (AO1,AO2,AO3)

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  • May 21, 2024
  • 2
  • 2023/2024
  • Lecture notes
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Synaptic Transmission


KEY TERMS:
● SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION - Process by which neighbouring neurons communicate with
each other by sending chemical messengers across the gap (the synaptic cleft) that separates
them
● NEUROTRANSMITTER - brain chemicals released from synaptic vesicles that relay signals
across the synapse from one neuron to another. Neurotransmitter can be broadly divided
into those that perform an excitatory function and those that perform an inhibitory function
● EXCITATION - neurotransmitter such as adrenaline,increases the positive charge of the
postsynaptic neuron. Increases the likelihood that the neuron will fire and pass on the
electrical impulses
● INHIBITION - when a transmitter e.g. serotonin makes the charge of the postsynaptic
neuron more negative. Decreases the likelihood that the neuron will fire and pass on the
electrical impulses


SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION -
● CHEMICAL TRANSMISSION -
➔ Neurons communicate through groups of neural networks
➔ Synapse separated each neuron. They are spaces between them (synaptic cleft).
➔ Synapse include presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic receptor site
➔ Signals within neurons are
transmitted electrically
➔ Signals between neurons are
transmitted chemically by synaptic
transmission
➔ When electrically impulses reaches
the end of the neuron (the presynaptic
terminal) it triggers the release of
neurotransmitter from tiny sacs
called synaptic vesicles


NEUROTRANSMITTERS -
● Chemicals that diffuse across the synapse to the next neuron in the chain
● After the neurotransmitter crosses the synapse, it’s taken by the postsynaptic receptor sites
(dendrites from one to another)
● The chemical messengers are converted back to electrical impulses
● The transmission restarts in another neuron

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