WJEC Criminology Unit 4: A.C 2.2: Aims
of Punishment
What are criticisms of retribution as an aim of punishment? - correct answer--Offenders need
to be allowed forgiveness to make amends in society and retribution does not allow for that.
- Some offenders that are truly remorseful are still punished despite making ammends.
What are other ways that retribution can be referred to? - correct answer-- An eye for an eye
- Revenges and Karma
What are the criticisms of detterance? - correct answer--Little evidence that harsh
punishments will equal better recidivism rates.
-Does not take into account crimes that were committed out of passion.
-Does not allow us to judge how harsh a punishment should be or needs to be for deterrence
to happen.
What are the criticisms of rehabilitation? - correct answer-- Rehabilitation has limited
success as many offenders reoffend in 6 months after rehabilitation programmes.
- Focuses too much on offenders as individuals and not why society is creating so many
criminals
What are the five aims of punishment? - correct answer-Deterrence, Retribution,
Rehabilitation, Public Protection and Reparation.
What are theories that link to rehabilitation? - correct answer--Individualist theories:
- Cognitive theories- CBT to change thinking errors that lead to criminal and aggressive
behaviours in society.
-Eysenck- Aversion therapy more likely to deter offender.
- Skinner Operant Learning- Token economy produced more acceptable behaviour in
society.
-Sociological Theories:
- Left realism- addressing unemployment, poverty and poor education will improve behaviour
in criminals and reduce criminality.
What are theories that link to retribution? - correct answer--Right Realists- Rational Choice
Theory
- Funcitionalism
What is a fixed tariff system? - correct answer-A fixed tariff system is the mandatory
minimum sentences that are minimum for certain crimes to allow for fairness in the
sentencing of offenders.
What is deterrence? - correct answer-The attempt to discourage criminality through the use
of punishment
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