Management Chapter 2 The Evolution of
Management Thought
Administrative Management Theory - correct answer-...
Administrative Management Theory - correct answer-The study of how to create and
organizational structure and control system that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness.
Turn of 20th century, focused on creating the most efficient and effective organizational
structure, key concept of bureaucracy, KEY INDIVIDUALS MAX WEBER AND HENRI
FAYOL.
Authority - correct answer-The power to hold people accountable for their actions and to
make decisions concerning the use of organizational resources.
Behavioral Management Theory - correct answer-...
Behavioral Management Theory - correct answer-The study of how managers should
behave to motivate employees and encourage them to perform at high levels and be
committed to the achievement of organizational goals.
First half of 20th century, focused on how managers should personally "behave", key
concept are about feelings and thoughts and how they affect performance, KEY
INDIVIDUALS: MARY PARKER FOLLETT, ELTON MAYO, DOUGLAS MCGREGOR.
Centralization - correct answer-The concentration of authority at the top of the managerial
hierarchy.
Chiselers - correct answer-Performed below the groups restricted output.
Closed system - correct answer-a system that is self-contained and thus not affected by
changes occurring in its external environment.
Contingency theory - correct answer-the idea that the organizational structures and control
systems managers choose depend on (are contingent on) characteristics of the external
environment in which the organization operates. (Tom Burns and G. M. Stalker) THERE IS
NO ONE BEST WAY TO ORGANIZE. Characteristics or environment may will affect the type
of control system chosen, how managers design the organizational hierarchy, how managers
lead and motivate their employees.
Crafts production - correct answer-small workshops run by skilled workers who produced
hand-manufactured products.
Discipline - correct answer-Obedience, energy, application, and other outward marks of
respect for a superior's authority.
, Douglas McGregor - correct answer-Theory X and Theory Y
Assumptions about workers' attitudes and behavior affect managers' behavior
Elton Mayo - correct answer-Hawthorne Studies
Entropy - correct answer-the tendency of a closed system to dissolve and disintegrate.
Equity - correct answer-The justice, impartiality, and fairness to which all organizational
members are entitles.
Esprit de corps - correct answer-shared feelings of comradeship, enthusiasm, or devotion to
a common cause among members of a group.
Evolution - correct answer-Changes in management practices occur as managers seek new
ways to increase: efficiency and effectiveness.
driving force behind the evolution of management theory: search for better ways to utilize
organizational resources.
Frederick Taylor, the Father of Scientific Management - correct answer-Manufacturing
manager, organize and control the work process to maximize the advantages of job
specialization, goal is to increase efficiency.
Different methods to increase productivity: experimenting with type or size of tools workers
used, reducing the number of motions workers made to complete tasks, changing the layout
of the work area.
Hawthorne effect - correct answer-the finding that a manager's behavior or leadership
approach can affect workers' level of performance.
Henri Fayol - correct answer-was the CEO of Comambault Mining. Working at the same time
as Weber, but independently, Fayol identified 14 principles that he believed essential to
increase the efficiency of the management process.
Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management - correct answer-Division of labor-job
specialization should increase efficiency, should take steps to lessen boredom
Authority and Responsibility-managers have the right to give orders, recognized informal
authority.
Unity of Command-receive orders from only one supervisor, dual command to be avoided
Line of Authority-Chain of command from top to bottom, length/layers should be limited.
Centralization-authority should not be concentrated at the top
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