Edexcel A-Level Government and
Politics GP01 June 2024 Exam
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
One-nation Conservatism - Answer>>Seen in recent times
between 1970 and 1979. Influenced by Benjamin Disraeli, it is the
idea that that conservatives should win the support of all of
society, uniting them together as 'one nation'. He was concerned
that the Conservative Party could alienate the poor, which led to
the creation of paternalism, where the wealthy look after the poor.
Paternalism (and the beginning of the development of the Welfare
state) dominated Conservatism until 1979.
Old Labour - Answer>>This relates to the idea of social
democracy, which was 'reborn socialism' by attempting to create
greater equality within a capitalist society, by redistributing wealth
from the rich to poor, via higher taxation for the rich etc. The five
principles of social democracy were: equality between social
classes, social justice (equal opportunities), a welfare state, an
economy managed by the government and a mixed economy
made up of public and private businesses It was influenced by the
reforms enacted by Clement Atlee's government betwee 1945
and 1951, and was the Labour approach to Politics until the mid-
1990s.
Thatcherism (New-right Conservatism) - Answer>>The child of
Margaret Thatcher, this was the rejection of the 'dead hand of
government' that influenced social democracy, and instead an
aim to 'roll back the frontiers of the state' in the belief that
unregulated capitalism would lead to efficiency, growth and
widespread prosperity. Some of its features were privatisation,
reduced Trade Union power, low taxation, deregulation, tough
laws and heavy penalties for breaking them, and a return to
traditional values and patriotism. It lasted whilst Thatcher was in
, government between 1979 and 1990, but some elements of Tony
Blair's 'New Labour' are said to be influenced by Thatcherism,
New Labour (Post-Thatcherite consensus, Blairism) -
Answer>>This started with the modernisation of the Labour
Party, which started under Neil Kinnock and later continued under
Tony Blair. It was an ideological shift, as it continued the New
Right's approach to free market economics, but combined it with
renewed support for welfare and public services. Blair rewrote
Clause IV, the constitution of the Labour party, at this time.
Age of Austerity (Coalition government) - Answer>>Due to this
government being a coalition between two parties with wildly
different ideas, both parties have had to make compromises in
their approach during this government. However, some parts of
the policies relate to Thatcherism, and her idea of free market
economics and the invisible hand of capitalism. Cuts have been a
key theme of the coalition government, from welfare to spending
cuts, which have been justified as being necessary rather than
desirable. We have also seen privatisation during this
government, along with reforms in criminal justice and the
constitution.
Consensus politics - Answer>>Where the governing party and
the opposition party fundamentally agree on economic and
welfare policies - this was seen in the post-war period between
1945 and 1979 with the Labour Party and Conservatives.
Adversary politics - Answer>>Where the governing party and
the opposition party respond to economic and social matters in
completely contrasting ways - it was seen between 1979 and
1990 with the Conservative Party and Labour.
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