Marci Adams Biology 100 Exam 3 BYU
Evolution - ANS-change over time in the characteristics of a population
Pre-Darwin - ANS-fixity (no extinction), natural theology (discover nature=discover
God), hierarchical organization of species (Aristotle)
Catastrophism - ANS-Curvier, God created all organisms and naturally occurring
catastrophes destroyed them over time
Uniformitarianism - ANS-Hutton and Lyell, naturally occurring processes which can vary
in rate over time can cause extinction
Lamarck - ANS-principles of similarity (environment leads to variety), use and disuse
principle, inheritance of acquired characteristics
Immanuel Kant - ANS-solar system came from diffuse cloud, means the Earth is OLD
William Smith - ANS-Identified layers of strata by the fossils found in them
LeClerc (Buffon) - ANS-variation comes from degeneration from an ideal form which is
the common ancestor
Goethe - ANS-ideals come from the creator and define species
Aggassiz - ANS-disagreed with Darwin, then Darwin used Aggassiz's own notes to
defend natural selection
Richard Owen - ANS-characteristics come from the ideal form. he pirated Darwin's work
Erasmus Darwin - ANS-Charles's grandfather. different species had a common ancestor
and species can change
Richard Chambers - ANS-Wanted to popularize evolution anonymously
Charles Darwin - ANS-got on the BEAGLE and found variation between organisms on
different islands. published Origin of Species in 1859. Natural Selection
, Alfred Wallace - ANS-Had same ideas as Darwin but a life of bad luck. Got sick with
Malaria in Malaysia and sent Darwin his ideas. Darwin then published before Wallace
could.
Key Evidence for Evolution - ANS-Geographical Distribution- Marsupials and Placentals
Fossil Records- shallower fossils are more recent
Artificial Selection- breeds of dogs
Comparative Anatomy- homologous structures and vestigial structures
Embryology- common ancestor
Homologous Structures - ANS-Same bones but used differently. flyers, grabbers,
runners
Vestigial Structures - ANS-maintaining structures that don't serve a purpose. Tailbones
on humans, pelvic bones on whales
Components of Natural Selection - ANS-Variation within species, Inheritance of
variability, Struggle for existence
Purpose of Evolution - ANS-To exist, have maximum reproduction and successful
progeny
Convergent Evolution vs. Analogous Structures - ANS-Convergent Evolution-
anatomical similarities NOT derived from common ancestry but it's the same (Antifreeze
proteins)
Analogous Structures- structures with similar functions but dissimilar anatomy (different)
also not derived from common ancestry (wings on bugs, birds, and bats)
Neo-Darwinian Synthesis - ANS-In 1901-1903 Mendel's work was rediscovered and
scientists combined his work with what Darwin had discovered about Natural Selection
Population - ANS-All individuals of a same species living together in a given
geographical area
gene pool - ANS-all the genetics of a population
KEY definition of evolution - ANS-the change of allele frequencies within a population
over time
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