Psych 205 Child Development: Exam 1
all babies come ready to engage in contingent responding and emotional expression BUT -
correct answer-way parents interact matters
beginning at birth what do babies show? and what do parents do with this? - correct
answer-very discrete emotions that adults interpret through the babies facial and other
expressions (yet we dont know for sure if babies are actually feeling this)
cognitive growth in infants - correct answer-•From sensory to representational
•Increasing flexibility of responses
•Increasing ability to act on the environment in controlled ways
•Increasing ability to "experiment" on the environment
correlational vs experimental studies - correct answer-experimental= manipulation of
variables
define operational definition - correct answer-The directly observable behavior(s)That are
hypothesized to measure the construct
describe 9 month revolution, secondary intersubjectivity - correct answer-Pointing•Following
eye gaze•Intentions
with eye gaze following, babies start to understand contention
theyre goal is to do what you do
realize that others have intentions too
describe memory amongst infants - correct answer-infants as young as 2 months can
remember contingencies
(a response leading to an event) (ex: the mobile spinner thing on crib study) BUT memory
(ability to remember something means being able to call it to mind) of contingencies changes
with age and depends on retention interval, training mobile, context , and reactivation
development of self and emotions - correct answer-the conceptual self, babies have some
representation of what they look like
Development of self and emotions:Primary Intersubjectivity... what is found in this - correct
answer-Interactional self•Imitation
•Eye gazing•Sex differences?•Contingent responding•Still face
face to face interactions and understanding of contingencies - correct answer-examples of
this are turn taking, babies come ready for this kind of sequential give and take . the babies
in the study would take turns with parent when sticking out tongue
give an example of convergent measures, and how they help - correct answer-through
convergent measures we can figure out different ways of assessing the same construct. an
example would be how int he videos//studies we can see how through measuring brain
, waves, observing and measuring the sucking intensity of babies, or through prenatal
heartbeat we can study//assess the same construct of babies and mothers.
how does heart rate variability and difficult temperament relate? - correct answer-heart rate
variability prenatally (and in early infancy ) predicts adaptation to your environment
how does the environment affect a child ? - correct answer-factors effect the individual child
in that certain environments allow some genes to be or not be expressed
implicit vs explicit understanding - correct answer-surprise//attention may not signal explicit
understanding, But may signal noticing some discrepancy which creates disequilibrium
•May rely on changing abilities to manipulate objects•
Sticky Mittens
importance of erikson - correct answer-he noted that development is a process of dealing
with challenges and issues. the way a child deals in each stage sets stage for the next.
everything builds on each other
in sensorimotor development describe the primary stage - correct answer-focused on self
in sensorimotor development describe the secondary stage - correct answer-focused on
object
in sensorimotor development describe the tertiary stage - correct answer-experimentation
in sensorimotor development what are the 3 stages - correct answer-primary, secondary,
tertiary
infant imitation and importance in development - correct answer-1. infant imitation utilizes
mirror neurons; watching somebody perform an action activates part of the motor cortex and
as a result improves intermodal integration
2. imitation is also adaptive because babies need so much... since they need so much they
engage in behaviors that bring people to them
internal working model - correct answer-The child's experiences with attachment figures
during infancy, childhood, and adolescence result in expectations (mental representations or
schemas) that persist relatively unchanged throughout the rest of life.
is most development active or passive - correct answer-active
joint attention - correct answer-in video, scaffolding was the mother choosing toy to match
what baby seemed interested in
longitudinal study - correct answer-a study where observation over time
mary rothbart - correct answer-Positive affectivity (PA), or positive affect, is a characteristic
that describes how animals and humans experience positive emotions and interact with
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